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CELLS, SIZE, EUKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE, VIRUS - Coggle Diagram
CELLS
Work together in
organism
Homeostasis
FEATURES
Cell Membrane
Lipid bilayer
structure
phosphate/diglyceride
& lipid
Highly Mobile
polarised - hydrophilic outer
Wants to form micelle
structure
Protection
Controls what enters/exits
Some permeability
selectivity
Functions
Communication
channels
Voltage gated
Eg calcium
takes substances in
and out
Adhesion
Markers
Can be used to locate
specific cell
tagging
Cytoplasm
Organelles contained
within
Contains free carbohydrates, lipids
proteins, nucleic acids
DNA/RNA
DNA
Double Helix
Anti-parallel
Allows DNA to be
replicated
Different chain types/directions
Contained in nucleoid in
prokaryote
Prevents damage
Circular DNA
No telomeres
Replicates quicker
RNA
Uses uracil (U)
rather than thymine (T)
Made up of nucleotide bases
AGCT
A+T
G+C
Amino acids made by combinations of
nucleotides in sequence
Takes place in ribosomes
20 amino acids
Each has its own
nucleotide 'triplet'
Cytosol - up to 70%
of cell vlume
Nucleus
Control centre
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear membrane
Proteins
Replication
Enzymes
Eg digestive enzymes.
EG amylase
speed up reactions
1x10(6) times
Essential for biological processes
Structural
Cytoskeleton
Signalling
Energy production
Transport
Ribosomes
~20nm
Universal to all
cells
small/large subunits
Where proteins are made
First described 1665
Robert Hooke
Evolution of
Microscopy
Electron microscope
Light microscope
Different techniques
used to highlight
different components
Basic units of life
'building blocks'
Unicellular organisms
Can be Eukaryotic or
prokaryotic
Bacteria
Move independently
Cytoskeleton/
flagellum
Protists
Energy always required
Complexity increases requirement
Cells specialise to spread the load
Each responsible for
particular function
What/Why?
What is the purpose of the
phenotype?
Multi Cellular Organisms
SIZE
Organelles overcome problem of size in cell
Effects energy cost
More surface area -
more metabolic functions
Uptake from environment
more challenging the larger an
organism is
EUKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth
lipids
steroid hormones
muscle contraction
detoxification
Rough
collects synthesised proteins
VIRUS
Not Living
Not on tree
of life
Does contain DNA
Common source??