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THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS
THE WAR OF SUCCESSION
Carlos II of Habsburg died
Without children
There were two pretenders to the throne
Carlos of Habsburg
Archduke of Austria
Prince Felipe of Bourbon
Grandson of Louis XIV of France
Was chosen by Carlos II
Was sworn in as king
As Felipe V
Of both kingdoms
Had more supporters
In the crown of Castilla
Some European powers
Were suspicious of the power
Held by an alliance
Between the French and Spanish monarchies
Several kingdoms
Within the Hague Alliance
Declared war on France
Caused an international war to break out
Ended with the signing of
The Peace of Utrecht
Felipe V renounced the claim
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Hispanic Monarchy
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Felipe V punished the territories
Of the Crown of Aragon
He believed they had betrayed him
Invoked the right of conquest
Used the Nueva Planta decrees
To abolish the courts, fueros, fiscal systems....
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The civil and commercial law was maintained
Meanwhile in the Hispanic Monarchy
A civil war broke out
POLITICAL REFORMS
The Spanish Bourbons
Imposed a model of absolute monarchy
Inspired by the French absolutist system
Began evolving towards the model
Of enlightened despotism
Felipe V and his successors
Tried to turn the royal court
Into the single centre
Of political decision-making
Their actions were limited
With the support of the elites
Cabinets
Replaced the old Habsburg model of government
With councils and validos
Acting as prime ministers
Were formed by ministers or secretarios de despacho
Were responsible for the main matters of government
The state, the navy and the treasury
Territory
The Aragonese institutions
That had been abolished
Were mostly replaced by new ones
Navarra and the Basque provinces
Remained its fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs
America
The viceroyalties were created
Of New Granada and Río de la Plata
Regalist policies
Were carried out in the Church
The Count of Floridablanca
Member of the Council of Castilla
With Carlos III
A great defender of regalism
Persuaded the pope
To dissolve the Society of Jesus
The Jesuits
Had been persecuted by the king
For being anti-reformist
FOREIGN POLICY
The dynastic affinity
With the French Bourbons
And the Atlantic expansion
Of great Britian
The British claims
On the American dominions
Of the Hispanic Monarchy
Led the Spanish kings
To ally themselves with France
Family Compacts
To take part in the Seven Years' War
When the war ended
The Treaty of Paris
Confirmed British hegemony in the world
Spain had to cede Florida
To Great Britain
Received Louisiana
From France
Bourbon Monarchs
Felipe V
Had to win in the War of Succession
To take the throne
Abdicated in favour of his son Luis
Luis I
Was on the throne
For just over six months
Due to his early death
Was succeeded by his own father
Felipe V
Returned to throne
On the death of his first-born son
Reigned until his own death
Fernando VI
Had no children
He was succeeded by one of his stepbrothers
Carlos III
Was crowned after abdicating
As king of Naples and Sicily
Is the main example
Of enlightened despotism in Spain
Carlos IV
Saw the transitional period
Between two eras
Was forced to abdicate
TRADE
Domestic trade
Was difficult due to
The rugged Spanish terrain
The poor conditions of the roads
Most commercial transactions were local
The Bourbons promoted public work
Helped improve the situation
In certain areas
But communication in inland Spain
Remained difficult
Foreign trade
Was more important
In particular with America
The West Indies fleet
That the Hispanic Monarchy
Used to organise its commercial monopoly with
Disappeared
Carlos III
Signed decrees approving
Free trade in various ports
In the Iberian Peninsula
From Spanish America
Liberalisation of the grain trade
Buying and selling this goods
Was usually regulated
To avoid famine
Poor harvests
Caused the price of bread to rise
Was the cause of popular revolts
