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Research Design - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Inclusion, the role of extraneous variables is considered by including them in the research design and separately estimating their effects on the dependent variable, such as via factorial designs where one factor is gender.
      - Statistical control: extraneous variables are measured and used as covariates during the statistical testing process
      - Elimination: relies on eliminating extraneous variables by holding then constant across treatments such as be restricting the study to a single gender or a single socioeconomic status
      - Randomization: technique is aimed at canceling out the effects of extraneous variables through a process of random sampling, if it can be assured that these effects are of a random non-systematic nature.
      - Manipulation: the researcher manipulates the independent variables in one or more levels called treatments, and compares the effects of the treatments against a control group where subjects do not receive the treatment