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Rights of Medication Administration, Medications ems Medications, What…
Rights of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Medication and Indication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Education
Right to Refuse
Right Response and Evaluation
Right Documentation
Administered under the authorization of medical control.
Medications
Forms of Medications
Prescription
Over the Counter
Recreational Drugs
Herbal Remedies
Enhanced Drug
Vitamin supplement
Alternative
Routes of Administration
parenteral (Other routes)
Intravenous (IV)-Immediate
Intraosseous (IO): Into the bone-Immediate
Inhalation-Rapid
Oxygen
: Administered through Nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula
Indications
: -Pt with hypoxemia
-Shock
-Major trauma
-Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning
-Pulmonary fibrosis
Contraindications
: -Paraquat which is a herbicide used for weed killer. Its effects are worsened by oxygen therapy
-Oxygen is highly flammable
Metered-Dose Inhaler:
A liquid or solid broken into small droplets or particles that can be inhaled.
-Directs medication through mouth to the lungs and delivers the same dosage each time.
Nebulizers
: Easier than a MDI but take longer to deliver the medication and require an external air or oxygen source.
-Effective in patients with moderate to severe respiratory distress
Indications
: -Pt with a known respiratory disease
-Pt with unknown respiratory disease, but have expiratory wheezing
-Pt with asthma and acute exacerbations
Contraindications
: -Pt has an obstruction of air flow and myocardial infraction
Intranasal (IN):Through nose- Rapid
Intramuscular (IM)- Moderate
Epinephrine
: The hormone that controls the body's fight or flight response
-It is secreted by adrenal glands and can also be known as adrenaline
Constricts blood vessels, causing increased blood presser
-EpiPen automatically delivers a preset amount of the medication usually 0.3 mg of epinephrine
-Causes a burning sensation where injected and will increase the patients hear rate
Indications
: -Emergency treatment of sever allergies
-Pt going into anaphylactic shock
Contraindication
:- Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic drugs
-closed angle glaucoma and anesthesia
Naloxone
(Narcan): can be administered with an auto-injector through (IM), by a subcutaneous injection, as well as through intranasal medication which is the most common technique
Can be administered by family or care givers to help reverse an opioid overdose
Indications
: -Opioid overdose and respiratory or central nervous system depression
Contraindications
: -Pt with acute hepatitis and liver failure
Subcutaneous (SC):Beneath the skin- Slow
Transcutaneous (transdermal): through skin- Slow
Enternal (Digestive route)
Sublingual (SL): Under tongue- Rapid result
Nitroglycerin:
Used to increase blood flow by relieving spasms or dilating the arteries
-Results in less blood returning to the heart and decreases blood pressure
-May cause mild headache or burning under tongue after administrating
-It should be stored in its original glass container with no other items included
-Can come in tablet or spray for both which go under the tongue
-Always wear gloves when administering because it can absorb through skin
Indications
: -Pt with chest pains or discomfort associated with angina
-Pt suspected of having a heart attack
or a pulmonary edema with hypertension
Contraindications
: - If pt is allergic to the medication
-Known history of increased intracranial pressure, sever anemia, or right sided myocardial infraction
Per Rectum (PR)- Rapid Result
By Mouth (PO)-Slow result
Oral Glucose
: Comes as a tablet or gel that can be administered to counter act the effects of hypoglycemia.
A 15g dose can be given up to 2 times if needed
Brain cells must have glucose
Indications
: -Must have ability to swallow and intact gag reflex
-Pt is altered or has acute neurological deficiency and either a history of diabetes or a glucometer reading below 80mg/dl
Contraindication
:- Pt with no gag reflex and has no ability to swallow
-Pt is unresponsive
Aspirin
: A fever and pain reliever, it also inhibits platelet aggregation
-Can be life saving during a potential heart attack
-For patients with risk of coronary artery disease may be prescribed 1-2 baby aspirin a day
Indications for use
: -Cardiac events
-Pain
-Fever
Contraindications of when to not use
: -Pt who are allergic to ibuprofen because there is a cross reactivity
-Can increase the risk of GI bleed in pt with stomach ulcers or inflammation
Medications that can be administered by EMTs depending on local protocols
-Oxygen
-Oral glucose
-Aspirin
-Epinephrine
-MDI medications
-Nitroglycerin
-Naloxone
-Oral OTC for fever or pain
You may administer or help administer medications if medical control gives you a direct order or if the local protocols allows you
What takes place when using medications
-
Onset
: the absorption of the medication into the body's system
-
Duration
: How long the medication last
-
Peak
: The point where the medication is most potent
-
Elimination
: The point where medication becomes less potent
Medications