Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
chapter 4: exploring diversity of matter using separation techniques -…
chapter 4: exploring diversity of matter using separation techniques
magnetic separation
Examples of magnetic substances:
iron
steel
examples of non-magnetic substances:
rubber
plastic
This separation technique is used when there is a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic mixtures to extract the metals from the non-metals
Application:
solving of iron and steel
food processing
recycling plant/ car scrapeyard
filtration
This separation technique is used to separate different substances with different particle sizes.
the mixture (suspension) is poured into the filter paper
the filter paper allows tiny particles (liquid) to pass through and trap the larger particles (salt)
the smaller particles that passes through the filter paper are called the residue
application:
our kidney remove waste products from blood through filtration
coffee maker
water transplant
evaporation
this technique is used to separate dissolved solid from a solid liquid mixture
solution is heated in a evaporating dish using direct heat
solution is heated in a evaporating dish using a steam bath
when the solvent has completely evaporated, the solute is left in the evaporating dish.
Application:
obtain salt from sea water
drying of food for preservation
simple distillation
This technique is used to separate pure liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture.
he two main processes involved is vapourisation and condensation
seawater is heated in a distillation flask until the mixture boils
the steam formed escape into the condenser where the condensation takes place
the pure water collected from the distillation is called the distillate
the boiling stones help to ensure smooth boiling of the mixture
Application:
treatment of seawater
paper chromatography
This technique is used to separate small amounts of substance from mixtures based on the different solubility of the components in a particular solvent.
an ink spot is applied to a piece of chromatography paper which is then lowered into the solvent. (water)
the water dissolves the dyes in the ink.
The dyes move up the paper together with the water.
The different dyes in the ink mixture travel at different rates along the paper.
Applications:
Test the purity of a substance
Identify the contents of a mixture.