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ISLAM 650-1500 C.E., EXPANSION OF ISLAM, CONQUEST OF ARABIA, PRE-ISLAMIC…
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EXPANSION OF ISLAM
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Became head of state, chief judge, religious leader, military commander
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success due to weakness of enemies, vigor of islam
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two sects struggled over succession; produced a civil war,murder
CONQUEST OF ARABIA
Muhammad's return to mecca- conquered Mecca, 630
THE KAABA -in 632, Muhammad led the first Islamic pilgrimage to the Ka'ba
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obligations taught by Muhammad, known as the five pillars
profession of faith, prayer, tithing, pilgrimage,, fasting at ramadan
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through the sharia, Islam became a religion and a way of life
PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA
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kept herds of sheep, goats, and camels
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trade includes gold, frankincense and myrrh
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MUHAMMAD'S EARLY LIFE
MUHAMMAD ibn Abdullah - born in a mecca merchant family, 570 C.E.
Married a wealthy widow, Khadija, in 595
became a merchant at age 30, exposed to various faiths
at age 40, he experienced visions -did not intend to found a new religion, but his message became appealing
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THE HIJRA (FLIGHT)
conflict at Mecca- his teachings offended others, especially ruling elite of Mecca
THE HIJRA - under persecution, Muhammad, followers fled to Medina, 622 c.e. "known as hijra"
Refered himself as "seal of the prophets,"- final prophet of Allah
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