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TOPIC 43: Oral Transmission of English Literature. The Arthurian Legend. G…

- - - - 410 AD, Romas leaving
      - 1066, Norman Conquest
- - - - Germanic gradually settled. Celtic (remain: avon, loch)
      - West Saxon dialect = Old English. Beowulf
    - - St. Augustine 597
      - Religious concepts
    - - 750-1050
      - Own language = great impact
      - Alfred the Great - peaceful coexistence - DANELAW
    - - 1066 = turning point. Battle of Hastings
      - new language / culture
      - French = language of the Court. TOPIC 42 :warning:
  - - - clergy, nobility, commoners and middle class
    - - 100 years war (1337-1453)
      - War of Roses (1455-1487)
- - - - to give comfort / consolation
      - affirm, reinforce social/ political ideological stances
    - - a) caesura. Gap in the middle-rhythm to verse
      - b) aliteration. Repetition of sounds
      - c) Refrain. Repetition of line (s) after stanzas
      - d) Repetitions on heroes, adversaries, climax
      - e) Formulaic expressions. Ex. once upon a time, and they lived happily ever after...
- - - - Bede and Nennius
- - - - poem of consolation
    - - Dream poem influenced by Dante
      - Royal stanza A B A B B C C
    - - innovation: here and now.
      - London + society of his time
      - planned = 120 tales - 30 pilgrims, 4 tales each
      - 22 completed + 2 fragmented
        
        whole range of genres, styles, subjects
      - Framework
        
        Southwork
        
        secular, city- new focal institution.
        
        Tabard Inn = meeting place
        
        society - new social order /all levels of modern society
        
        April -ritual spiritual renewal / spring
        
        Canterbury
        
        religious
        
        St. Thomas à Becket - shrine object of pilgrimage
      - Decline to more day-to-day concerns (religion :red_cross:)
        
        individualistic - pilgrims = stereotypical
        
        reader judges them - ironic gap
        
        now they see themselves
        
        how they are seen
        
        evaluate, enjoy, decide
        
        wide-ranging view of the late 14th century world / society - Image of his time
      - Tales
        
        The Knight = rivalry in love
        
        The Nun = snesual, open conclusion
        
        The Miller's Tale = deception in love
        
        The Wife of Bath = What women really desire