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Brain development - Coggle Diagram

- - - - speeds up the transmission
  - - - under a year old
    - - as hold as the host
    - - no new neurons after birth
  - - - overproducing then apply apoptosis to fit
      - neurotropins
        
        not exposed axons undergo apoptosis
        
        no failed connection in healthy adult nervous system
      - neuronal death
        
        elimination of massive cell death
        
        apoptotic mechanism become dormant
- - - - decrease activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neuron
        
        stimulants may stimulate activity in healthy regions of the brain after stroke
    - - scar tissure makes mechanical barrier to axon growth
      - neuron on the two side of the cut pull apart
      - glia cells that reach to cns errlease chemical that inhibits axon growth
      - axon sprouting
        
        new branches form by other non-damaged axons that attach to vacant receptors
        
        cells release neurotrophins that induce axons to form collateral sprouts
        
        can be useful, harmful or neutral
  - - - sharp blow to the head that does not puncture the brain
      - main injuries of young adults
      - slow and incomplete recovery
      - strokes
        
        temporary loss of blood flow to the brain
        
        common n elderly
        
        isschemia
        
        obstruction of artey or blood clot
        
        neuron lose oxygen and glucose supply
        
        hemorrahage
        
        ruptured artery
        
        flooded with excess blood, calcium, oxygen and other chemicals
        
        edema
        
        accumulation of fuild in the brain
        
        increased pressure
        
        increase probability of futher strokes
        
        triggers release of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
        
        disruption of sodium potassium pump
        
        overstimulation of neurons lead sodium and other ions enter in excessive amounts
        
        1 more item...
        
        treatment
        
        tissure plasminogen activator
        
        breaks up blood clot and reduce of ischemic strokes
        
        reasearh on save neuron death by blocking glutamate synpaes/ calcium entry
        
        laboratory method
        
        cool the brain
        
        reducing overstimulation, apoptosis and inflammation
        
        cannabanoid show to potentially minimize cell loss
  - - - sensation from amputated body part
    - - limbs that have lost their afferent sensry input
- - - - mother who drinks during pregnancy
        
        exposure suppresses glutamate and enchances the release of GABA
        
        consequently receive less excitation and more neurotrophins exposed undergo apoptosis
      - hyperactivity
      - ADHD
      - health and motor coordination problem
- - - - gain and loss indicates learning
      - blind people
  - - - temporal lobe of professional musician right hemisphere are 30% larger than non musician
      - reorganization failure
        
        focal hand dystonia
        
        fingers become clumsy, fatique, make involuntary movement