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Recognition of ASL as a language - Coggle Diagram
Recognition of ASL as a language
Visual Gestural Language
Gestures enhanced by
facial expression
Grammar involves the use of the signer
eyes, face, heads, body postures, hands, and arms
Spoken & Signed Language
Spoken Language
: Consonants and Vowels
Signed Language:
Hand Shapes, Positions of hand, orientation of hand
Earlier Sign Language Dictionaries
J. Schulyer Long's 1910
:
The Sign Language the manual of signs
John Micheals
:
Handbook of the Sign Language of the Deaf
Birth of ASL Research
: The concept of studying linguistics in pertaining to sign language emerged in American colleges and Universities in the 1960s
William Stokoe
"Father of American Sign Linguistics"
, First to study linguistics of sign language
Hearing and not fluent in ASL; convinced Sign Language was a real language worthy of academic pursuit
Through his research Stokoe discovered that Sign Language contained elements found within what are considered real languages were used, as the signs followed specific rules.
The Dictionary of American Sign Language
Published by Stokoe and his team, defined signs as more than their English translation, by their internal structures-
hand movement, location, and handshape
Early Findings on ASL research
William Stokoe's published
Sign Language and outline of the Visual Communications systems of the American Deaf
and
The Dictionary of American Sign Language
in 1965
For his research,
Stokoe
, along with his colleagues, recorded deaf individuals signing, and studied these filmed signs.
Determined that the internal structure of ASL, consisted of handshapes, locations, and movements
Salk Institute
Small research unit in San Diego, created by Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima,
Discovered ASL had its own grammatical properties, suggested an addition to the 3 parameters discovered by Stokoe
5 parameters of ASL
Handshape, location, movement, orientation, non-manual markers
Responses to Stokoes Research
Deaf community
:viewed Stokoe as an outsider looking into their culture, as he was not deaf and did not know how to sign.
Hearing community
: Say Stokoes research as a waste of time, believed signing was an outdated way of communicating
3 Early parameters of ASL
Handshape:
how the fingers are extended and bent in a particular sign, in the hand or fist, or does it have some fingers extended
Location
: Where on the body or in the space is the sign being produced
Movement
: how does the hand or hands move