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:flag-fr: Fall of the National Assembly :flag-fr: - Coggle Diagram
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Fall of the National Assembly
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Causes
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Counter Revolution
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A counter revolution of those loyal to Church and King threatened the changes made during the revolution
The revolutionaries had to take more desperate measures to ensure their work wasn't undone
This meant that the revolution headed in a more radical direction
Reign of Terror :skull:
Aug 10 attack on Tuileries Palace, resulting in royal family being placed under house arrest
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Ancien Regime
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French society was divided into Three Estates
Third Estate - Everyone else (97% of France)
Peasants - poor workers and farmers
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Discontent in the urban working classes, the
sans-culottes
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The Sans-culottes had been part of the revolution since the start, but it hadn't really benefited them yet
Demanded the revolutionary government fix their problems
Prevent extreme wealth and/or property
Support the radical Jacobins to do so
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Deal to counter-revolutionaries
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Increase wages
End food shortages
Fix prices
Punish hoarders
The sans-culottes saw that a privilege of wealth was taking the place of a privilege of birth. They foresaw that the bourgeoisie would succeed the fallen aristocracy as the ruling class.
Bourgeoisie - Wealthy, often educated middle class people :bank:
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First Estate - Church clergy (0.05% of France)
Enjoy privileges before the Law, receive tax money from 3rd Estate
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Second Estate - Nobility/Aristocracy, inherited power and wealth (2.5% of France)
National Assembly made some changes to system
Reduced church's power
Reduced nobility's privileges
drew up a constitution
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Problems within the National Assembly
Splits emerge in the National Assembly
Girondons
More moderate revolutionaries, the kind who were in charge of the first phase
Most wanted a limited constitutional monarchy
Oppose the Jacobins
Represent provincial cities
Believe that to secure revolutionary ideas in France, they have to spread elsewhere
Radical Jacobins
Wanted democratic republicanism, centralised government
Gained the support of the sans-culottes
Take control of the National Convention
Aimed to have a constitutional monarchy
Louis XVI tries to escape
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People's faith in the king shattered
Put on trial for treason, executed
Limited monarchy won't work with no active, trusted monarch
Aug 10, 1792 -Tuileries palace is attacked by Parisians
King forced to take refuge in the Legislative Assembly and placed under house arrest
Can't perform royal duties
Consequences
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Reign of Terror
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War is going badly for France
Threaten the nation's stability
CPS want to create a temporary dictatorship to save the First French Republic
Arrest and try counter revolutionaries and other political opponents
Those found guilty sent to the guillotine
Estimated 16,000 - 40,000 die, 15,000 officially :skull:
End of the Terror, beginning of the third phase
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1784 - Mass executions at Lyons
Terror symbolically begins with execution of Marie Antoinette, 16 Oct 1793
Barges filled with prisoners sunk on the River Loire, at Nantes
100,000 people detained as suspects during the Reign of Terror
September 17 1793 - Law of Suspects is created, allowing the arrest of
“those who by their conduct, relations or language spoken or written, have shown themselves partisans of tyranny or federalism and enemies of liberty.”
Almost anyone could be charged, for speaking critically of the government or disobeying its authority
Terror was to keep the revolution alive, stop counter revolutionaries threatening it
People rebelling against new Jacobin Government
Rise of the Radical Jacobins and the Committee of Public Safety
Won the support of the Sans-culottes
June 2, 1793 - 80,000 Sans-culottes surround the National Convention and demand the arrest of the Girondin Faction
29 Girondin members arrested
Jacobins now have control of French government and country
Form their own National Convention
Believe they need strong leadership for the revolution to succeed
Committee of Public Safety
Begin arresting and trialing counter revolutionaries
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First French Republic
Impose government authority throughout France
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Maximilien Robespierre
Elected on to the CPS 27 July, 1793
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Believed that the general will was a necessity, a will for people as a whole, aims at common good/interest
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"To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is cruelty"
- Robespierre
Execute the imprisoned King on 21 Jan, 1793 :skull:
"It is with regret that I must pronounce the fatal truth; the king must die so that the country may live."
- Robespierre
