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02 THE ENLIGHTENMENT: THE CULTURE OF OPTIMISM, france, Montesquieu,…

- - - - France
      - spread to America
    - - bourgeoisie
      - clergymen
      - noblemen
  - - - development of knowledge
      - create well-being and wealth
    - - individual right
        
        obligated to provide
    - - biased notions and religious dogmas
      - challenge all religious beliefs
      - rationality
        
        society’s errors
  - - - political
      - religious
- - - - moderated monarchy
        
        legislative
        
        judicial
        
        executive
      - French magistrate
    - - criticised religious fanaticism
      - fought for
        
        civil rights
        
        judicial reform
    - - supported democracy
      - sovereignty
        
        hands of people
    - - Political
      - social
- - - - government reforms
      - important academies
        
        of sciences in Paris
        
        St. Petersburg (Russia)
      - supported
  - - - to 65,000, in 1790
    - - replaced by books
        
        the arts
        
        philosophy and literature
        
        on science
  - - - conversation with philosophers
      - name of the person
- - - - several languages
      - published books
      - teacher
        
        University of Bologna
    - - translator
      - wrote
        
        tales
        
        stories
      - feminist
    - - worked with Voltaire
      - translated Newton's work
        
        dissemination
      - mathematician, physicist and writer
  - - - Diderot
      - Suzanne Curchod
      - D’Alembert
    - - salons of Paris