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Raven's Cranial Nerves and Muscles Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Raven's Cranial Nerves and Muscles Concept Map
Olfactory (I)
NOSE:
Sense of smell, cribiform plate, olfactory bulb
Potential signs of damage: Anosmia
olfactory tract, foramina
Assessment Technique:
Have client identify a scent with their eyes closed.
Location
: Olfactory tract
Optic (II)
Sensory
Sense of sight/vision
EYES
Optic chiasm cross point of nerve, from retina to brain
Assessment technique:
Have patient perform confrontation visual field test+ visual acuity test with a snellan chart.
Location
: Thalamus
Potential sign of damage:
Blindness
Oculomotor (III)
Eye movement : pupil size + reactivity
Eyelid movement
Eye nerve #1
Assessment technique:
Use a penlight to assess patient for PERRLA (pupils equally round and reactive to light and accommodation.
Location
: Midbrain
Potential signs of damage: Ptosis, diplopia
Trochlear (IV)
Motor
Innervates one eye muscle; superior oblique muscle
Eye movement: Down + laterally nerve #2
Assessment technique:
Hold penlight and ask patient to follow the movement of the penlight; move down and sideways.
Muscles
: Superior Oblique: The superior oblique functions explicitly to move the eye in the down-and-out position and intort the eye
move the eye in the down-and-out position and intort the eye.
Location
: Midbrain
Trigeminal (V)
Sensory: Pain, temperature, and tactile to:
face and forehead.
Chewing: facial sensation
Mucous membranes of nose and mouth
Teeth, portions of cranial dura
Deep pressure and kinesthetic info to:
Teeth, gums, hard palate, TMJ
Assessment technique:
Have patient close eyes and take a cotton ball and touch the face, cheeks, chin and forehead.
Location
: Pons; extending midbrain through medulla
Muscles
: Masseter, Temporalis, Pterygoid, Tensor veli Palatini (soft palate), Mylohyoid.
Masseter:
chewing
**
Temporalis
: closing the mouth and retraction
Pterygoid
: produce movements of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
Tensor veli patlatini
: elevate the velum to create closure between the oral and nasal cavities
Mylohyoid
: elevate the hyoid bone, elevate the oral cavity, and depress the mandible
Abducens (VI)
Assessment technique:
Hold penlight and ask the patient to follow movement, move side to side and diagonally.
Eye movement laterally
Location
: Pons
Facial (VII)
Taste on anterior 2/3s of the tongue and nasopharynx. Facial expressions, saliva.
Motor: Muscles of facial expression, muscles of the ear.
Sensory
: innervation to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands
Facial Expressions
Assessment techniques:
Observe at rest and during facial expressions
Don't move head or neck and look way up to the ceiling.
Close eyes very tightly
Show me your teeth.
Puff out your cheeks.
Smile, pout or blow a kiss.
Muscles:
Obicularis Oculi
closes the eyelids and assists in pumping the tears from the eye into the nasolacrimal duct system
Obicularis Oris
contributes to the form and shape of the lips.
Zygomatic Minor
draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward (used in making sad facial expressions)
Zygomatic major
The main action of zygomaticus major is to pull the angle of the mouth superolaterally.
Levators
its primary function is elevation of the upper lip.
Depressors
depresses the corner of the mouth,
Mentalis
This muscle provides stability to the lower lip to allow it to pout.
Buccinator
Compresses cheek into the teeth for chewing.
Platysma
The platysma is responsible for drawing the skin around the lower part of your mouth down or out, which creases the skin in your lower face
Stylohyoid
pulls the hyoid bone upward and backward, resulting in elevation of the base of the tongue and elongation of the floor of the mouth.
Posterior belly of Digastric
work to depress the mandible for jaw opening, chewing, and speech.
Location
: Pons
Motor, Solitary, Super salivatory
Vestibulocochlear (VII)
Auditory (Cochlear-ear, semicircular canals- balance
Sensory
: Hearing, balance
Assessment technique:
Ask patient to occlude one ear, whisper in other ear and have the patient repeat the phrase. Ask patient to walk and assess gait.
Location
: Medulla
Potential signs of damage:
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Disequillibrium
Hearing
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Salivation
Pharynx, swallowing, hard palate
Responsible for taste posterior 3rd (back)
Gagging and swallowing
Assessment technique:
Cough reflex
Cotton swab vs tongue depressor touching posterior tongue
Cotton swab with taste (lemon juice, sugar, salt) on the back of the tongue
Evaluate salivation
Location
: Medulla
Muscles:
Stylopharyngeal
act as a significant dilating muscle of the nasopharynx.
Contributes to palatoglossus
Portion of middle pharyngeal constrictor
Parotid salivary gland
produce saliva (spit) to keep your mouth lubricated, and to aid in chewing and digestion.
Vagus (X)
Assessment technique:
Observe soft palate at rest
Listen for issues in resonance of voice
Have patient cough hard and test for glottic closure
Listen for problems in the voice, gurgly, wet, breathy, hoarse, stridor, monopitch, diplophonia, tremors
Test /k, g/ sounds
Use cotton swab or blade to touch posterior pharynx and observe for gag reflex and swallowing.
Motor: swallow, palate elevation, talking, gag+coughing
Location
: Lateral medulla
Muscles:
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Instrinsic muscles of the larynx: cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, interarytenoids
Muscles of the soft palate (except Tensor Veli Palatini)
Muscles of the esophagus
Potential signs of damage:
Loss of cough reflex
Loss of taste (hard palate, base of tongue)
Loss of gag reflex
Hypernasality
Dysphonia (hoarse, breathy, wet, etc)
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Impaired laryngeal closure
Impaired true vocal cord adduction
Accessory (XI)
Shrugging of the shoulders
Assessment technique:
As patient to shrug their shoulders against the resistance of your hands. Client should be able to turn their head from side to side.
Motor: Head rotation
Location
: Medulla
Muscles:
Palatoglossus
Palato-pharyngeus
Levator veli palatini
Salpingo-pharyngeus
Contributes to:
Function
:
Assists with:
Narrows and elevates lateral pharyngeal wall
Narrows and elevates posterior tongue
Raises soft palate
Hypoglossal (XII)
Swallowing
Assessment technique:
Have client stick out their tongue
Use tongue depressor to resist movement
Observe tongue (atrophy, tremor, fasciculations)
Use tongue depressor to check lateral resistance
Test range of motion. Side to side
Retract tongue back to roof of mouth with mouth open
Motor: tongue movement
Location
: Medial Medulla
Muscles:
Some extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudional, inferiro longitudinal, transverse, verticalis, genioglossus
All intrinsic muscles of tongue
Geniohyoid with cervical (C1 and C2)
Function:
Extrinsic muscles: Drawing tongue upward, forward, backward, retraction and depression
Backward movement of tongue to soft palate
Instrinsic mucles: shortening, cupping, narrowing, elongating, flattening
Draws hyoid bone up and forward and depresses mandible
All motor
Potential signs of damage:
Fasciculations
Deviation of tongue to weak side
Atrophy of tongue muscles
LMN lesion
: weakness of ipsilateral tongue
UMN lesion
: weakness of contralateral side
