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- - - - A legal arrangement between two or more states for support during times of war
        
        The Triple Entente was an alliance formed by France, Britain and Russia. The Triple Alliance was an alliance formed by Austria - Hungary, Germany and Italy. These countries would back each other up should the other one attack.
    - - The practise of establishing economic and political control over lands acquired abroad in order to enlarge a country's realm of influence.
        
        Gaining economic and political control over territory acquired abroad in order to increase a nation's sphere of influence. As European nations grew their empires, other nations realised they needed to do the same to avoid being conquered.
    - - Militarism was defined as an increase in military spending, a corresponding increase in the military and naval forces, a corresponding increase in the military personnel's influence over civilian government policy.
        
        The naval arms race between Great Britain and Germany was an example of a militarism event that lead to ww1.
    - - A strong sense of loyalty or devotion to one's country through patriotism.
        
        Nationalism is a strong form of patriotism or loyalty to one's country. The Black Hand was a nationalistic organisation that aimed to free the southern Slavs from Austro-Hungarian authority and unite them into a larger Serb or south Slav state.
- - - - Factories
        
        Child Labour
        
        During the industrial revolution, factories and mines frequently hired young children as early as four years old.
        
        Trade Unions
        
        Workers established trade unions to advocate for safer working conditions, more favourable hours, and higher pay.
        
        Worker Rights
        
        With the introduction of the Factory Act of 1844, the necessary working hours for children aged 9 to 13 were lowered to 6 and a half hours per day, plus an additional three hours for school. Over the ages of 13, women and children could not work more than 12 hours per day.
        
        The domestic system, in which lone workers created things in their houses or in workshops adjacent to them, using hand tools or basic machinery, was supplanted by the factory system.
      - Steam Engine
        
        The Steam Engine was a simplistic machine that used boiling water to generate mechanical motion for industrial purposes.
      - Railways
        
        The railway allowed individuals to enter cities and migrate to newer locations.
      - Spinning Jenny
        
        The spinning Jenny would spin yarn at a very high and quicker rate than ever before. Due to the significant impact on production, textile items could be manufactured swiftly and effectively.
      - Canals
        
        Canals enabled greater coal reserve exploitation because the coal could be transported much further and sold for less money, resulting in a new market.
    - - Coal was essential to run steam engines, produce electricity and heat buildings.
    - - Trade Routes
        
        The Indian Ocean basin, trans-Saharan caravan routes, the Mediterranean Sea, and Eurasia's Silk Roads were among the major trading networks of the Industrial Revolution.
  - - - The short term effects were deaths, child labour, untreated human waste, bad working conditions, and hygiene problems.
    - - The Long-term impacts were. Cities lacked sanitary regulations or construction standards, housing with access to water, social services were in short supply, and illnesses ravaged the city.