Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
How Do You Find Life on Another Planet? - Coggle Diagram
How Do You Find Life on Another Planet?
Experiment
Dependent Variables - the response variables that show the result of the tested variable.
Independent Variables - variables that can be changed to test
Controlled Variable - The variables that stay the same throughout the experiment, or with the same value
Control Group - The group that does not have the independent variable tested on it.
Control experiment - Only one variable is changed at a time, the independent variable that is tested, to get the accurate effects of the variable on the dependent.
Observations are done using one of the five senses
Inferences are made based on the observations and prior knowledge.
Characteristics of Life
Growth - increase in cell size
Reproduction - process of producing offspring
Homeostasis - maintenance of internal body and function (blood sugar, body temperature, osmoregulation, etc.)
Sense & Respond to Stimuli - movement as a reaction to a sense
Obtain & Use Energy - getting energy from the sun and from food, using it to move and perform other activities.
Metabolism breaks down food and converts it into energy
Ethics
Ends based- this principle is best known by the maxim “Do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number.”
Rules based- follow the principle that you want others to follow. “Stick to your principles and let the chips fall where they may,”
Care Based: Putting love for others first. It is most associated with the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”
Chemistry in Life
Elements are the foundational components of anything that has mass, living or non-living.
Atoms - the smallest unit of an element that still retains the element’s properties.
the specific number of positively charged protons gives each atom its identity.
Molecules
Carbon is the spine of almost every chemical that makes up living things.
Carbon is very flexible because the first in the chain can bind to the last carbon in the chain to make a circular spine for other chemicals.
Bonds
Hydrogen Bond - Weak bond, polar molecule bonding with another polar molecule.
Ionic Bond - Medium bond, an atom gives up an electron to another to create a bond
Covalent Bond - Strong bond, an atom shares one or more electrons with another atom
Organic Molecule - what living things on earth are made of, with a backbone of carbon atoms and at least one carbon attached to a hydrogen atom.
Water
Water is polar, electrons in the bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen in water are not equally shared.
The oxygen pulls electrons with more force than the hydrogen so each atom has a half positive and half negative charge.
Water is a universal solvent
Uses its properties (from hydrogen bonds) to separate ionic substances into ions
Dissolves many polar substances
Hydrophilic = “water-loving” molecules- polar molecules that dissolve in water
Ampipathic= have BOTH polar and nonpolar regions (polar head/non-polar tails)
Hydrophobic = “water fearing” molecules- nonpolar molecules that cluster in water
Can provide an environment in which reactions can occur