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Toxin and Membrane Lecture - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Blocks Volt gated Na channel resulting in blocking depolarization and activity of neurons.
        
        Can cause death in high doses from respiratory failure.
  - - - Shellfish like mussels, clams, oysters, scallops can become contaminated with it.
        
        Voltage gate Na channel blocker
        
        Blocks neuronal activity through Na channel
        
        Inactivation of sympathethic nerves w/ VSMC relaxation cause hypotension
        
        Paralysis of diaphragm is death
- - - - 5.5-6.5 has tall peaked T waves
        
        6.5-7.5 has loss of P
        
        7.0-8 has wide QRS.
        
        Greater than 8 has sine waves
        
        Greater than 9 is VFIB aystole
        
        Cardiac arrest
    - - Childhood onset - Mutation in SCN4A
      - S/Sx
        
        Paresthesia
        
        Asymptomatic or Muscle Paralysis
        
        Dyspnea
        
        Nausea/vomiting
        
        Peaked T waves on EKG
        
        Cardiac Arrest
    - - IV Calcium Gluconate to stabilize cardiomyocytes
        
        Ca raises threshold and reduce firing
      - Albuterol (beta 2 adrenergic agonist) - G protein activator
      - Insulin
        
        Activate Na K ATPase which puts K+ back into the cells.
      - Glucose/ Carbohydrate by mouth for Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
  - - - Caused by either a true potassium deficit
      - Caused more commonly by potassium shift
      - Mutation in L-type VGCC in muscle resulting in activation of Na K ATPase, removing K from blood and into the cells
        
        Lack of VGCC means Ca doesn't come into the cell to activate K channels to release K into the blood.
        
        Mechanism: Increase in epinephrine and/or insulin leads to intracellular uptake of potassium leading to low serum K
      - S/Sx
        
        Onset Adolescence
        
        Transient generalized weakness of legs/arms occuring after exercise or carb intake