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Eating and Nutrition - Coggle Diagram
Eating and Nutrition
Main concepts
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Eating
Is a conscious, voluntary process by with foods are taken from the outside environment
Nutrition
Is a complex, unconscious and involuntary process by which foods are transformed into nutrients
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Nutrients
Classification
Micronutrients
They are needed in small amounts. They include:
Macronutrients
They are needed in large amounts. They include:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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Foods that contain carboyidrates:
Dairy, fruit, cereals, pasta, etc.
Proteins
Proteins are biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They can also contein phosphorus and iron
They are formed by chains of simpler molecules called amino acids
There are 20 different aminoacids. We must ingest nine of these in food as we cannot synthesize them
Proteins can be used to:
- Create structures, such as collagen in the skin
- Transport substances, such as hemoglobine carrying oxygen in the blood
- Immunological protection, such us antibodies which fight against infections
- Regulate chemical reactions in our body, such as some hormones
Foods that contain proteins:
Meat, cold meat, dairy, eggs, fish, etc.
Lipids
Biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Some also contain phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphur
Lipids can be used to:
- Produce energy from fats
- Develop an structural function such us cholesterol mantaining the fluidity of the cell membrane
- Regulate chemical reactions in our body through vitamins A, D, E and K
Classification:
- Unsaturated fats: Help prevent cardiovascular diseases
- Saturated fats: Consumed in large quantities can cause cardiovascular problems
Foods that contain lipids:
Meat, cold meat, dairy, eggs, nuts, oily fish, etc.
Mineral salts
Inorganic substances such us calcium, iron, iodine, sodium and potasium
Mineral salts can be used to:
- Develop an structural function such us calcium, which form our bones
- Regulate vital processes in our body such us sodium and blood pressure
Vitamins
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Classification:
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K). They are stored in adipose tissue and the liver
- Water-Soluble Vitamins (B, C). Any excess is excreted in urine
Food related disorders
The number of people with food eating disorders has increased significantly over recent decades. These disorders are very complex and are caused by many different psychological and phisical factors
Anorexia
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People with anorexia try to get thinner and thinner and have a distorted perception of their own body
Symptoms of anorexia:
- Depression, irritability, insomnia, feeling useless, lack of self-esteem, abdominal pain, cardiovascular disease, kidney problems...
Bulimia
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They try to follow a low-calorie diet, use pills, laxatives and do lots of exercise, but often they feel anxious about eating and binge on food
Symptoms os bulimia:
- Changes in mood, depression, anxiety and dehydration, poor kidney function, irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness...
Obesity
Obesity is often the resultn of eating too much or eating unsuitable foods and having sedentary life, but it can also be caused by hormonal disorders or some medicins
Body mass index (BMI) is used to determine if a person is at the correct weight, but it is not always a good indicator as it does not determine whether the weight comes from adipose tissue or muscle
Energy
Energy in foods
The nutrients in foods can act as fuels, releasing energy into the body
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Influencing factors
Age, gender, weight, height, activity
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Diet
Designing a diet
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With a varied consumption of food (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish...)
Incluiding an adequate balance of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
Lowering the consumption of salt, saturated fats and sugar
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