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C3- Structure and Bonding - Coggle Diagram
C3- Structure and Bonding
Ionic Bonding
loses/gains electrons
(transferring of electrons)
metal & non-metal
High m.p and b.p.
You need to break all the ionic bonds throughout the structure which are strong and need lots of energy to break
+ions & -ions
don't conduct when solid, but when molten/ dissolved
When solid, the ions are in fixed positions. When molten or dissolved, the ions are free the move, and can carry a charge
e.g. NaCl
giant ionic structure
Ions are arranged in a regular way- the electrostatic attraction forms the ionic bonds
Metallic bonding
between metals
+ions in a sea of electrons
high m.p and b.p.
conduct electricity
Free, delocalised electrons can carry a charge though the metal
Giant structure
Covalent bonding
Simple
low m.p. and b.p.
doesn't conduct
Giant
Diamond
doesn't conduct
All 4 bonds are used with other carbon atoms, so there are no free, delocalised electrons or ions to carry a charge
hard
Atoms are linked very tightly in a lattice structure (that's perfect & symmetrical) so hard to move
Industrial diamond
Used on the edge of cutting tools, as its hard and has a high m.p.
Reflective
Perfect, symmetrical lattice
Graphite
conducts
Only 3 bonds are used with other carbon atoms, so the fourth is with a free delocalised electron that can carry a charge through the structure
soft
layers have weak FOA between them, so they're easier to lose, hence why they're soft
Pencil
Layers separate easily and transfer on the paper when writing
Lubricant
light and layers mean it can slide over each other
high m.p. and b.p.
There are millions of atoms, and so millions of bonds, that need a lot of energy to break them
between non-metals
shared pair of electrons
States of matter
solid
particles are tightly-packed- they can't move, only vibrate
liquid
Particles are very close to each other- they can flow over each other, but movement is restricted
gas
Particles are very far apart and randomly arranged- they move around very fast in all directions
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Graphene
