Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Growth of Japanese nationalism in the 19th/20th century - Coggle Diagram
Growth of Japanese nationalism in the 19th/20th century
Need for strategic security
signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)
Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
Four-Power Treaty
Washington Treaty System
indicated that Japan was committed to international cooperation in
the 1920s
Five-Power Treaty
Nine-Power Naval Treaty
Desire for equality with the West
Meiji Restoration
dismantling of the feudal system
establishment of a limited form of democracy
major reforms in all areas
promotion of national unity and patriotism
important military reforms
modernized the army
adapted German military tactics
established a new navy with the help of the British
victory in the Russo-Japanese War
earned respect of the West
Taisho democracy
prime minister’s position to be given to the leader of one of the
two main political parties that controlled the Diet in the 1920s
in 1925, all adult males were given the vote
Society became more open
and mass media more influential
Prime Minister Hara’s government led Japan into the League of Nations
accepted as one of the
world’s leading powers
equality with the West = acquiring colonies
Belief in a destiny as the leader of China
victory in the Russo-Japanese War
affirmed Japan’s own belief in its destiny as leader of Asia
"Twenty One Demands"
required China to agree to the Japanese remaining in Shandong and to grant Japan extra commercial privileges in Manchuria
China was also demanded not to lease any more coastal territory to other powers, and was to accept political, financial and military advisers sent from Japan
After the Washington Treaty System was signed, conservative groups in Japan continued to advocate
an aggressive policy in China and to see Japan’s destiny as being the leadership of Asia.
"Most Japanese, by the 1930s, saw Japan’s position in Asia as essential, not only for economic and strategic reasons, but because they believed it was Japan’s destiny to be the leader of the region."
Popular enthusiasm for militarism and expansionism
result of: success of Sino-Japanese War + gaining of land + frustration of having to give up land to Western powers
Treaty of Shimonoseki
gave Japan the Pescadores Islands, Formosa, and Liaodong Peninsula
1895 - 1905: Japanese military expansion increased
Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War
gained control of Korea and
much of South Manchuria
gained railway rights in Manchuria along with the southern half of Sakhalin Island
1914 → Japan demanded German colonial territory in China → demand was ignored → Japan declared war on Germany, seizing Germany’s military bases on the Shandong Peninsula in the north of China
WW1 → Japan issued China with the "Twenty One Demands"
Meiji ambition to be a “first-class country”
Need for raw materials and markets
1920s → Japan changed to a foreign policy of internationalism
Manchuria
agriculturally rich with mineral resources
provided important opportunities for the supply of resources to Japan
4 times larger than the Japanese islands
offered the possibility of providing living space for the rapidly
growing Japanese population
could act as a buffer against
the threat from Russia
Russo-Japanese War
WW1 → Japan took economic advantage by supplying to the Allies and to Asian markets that the Allies were unable to fulfill
exports flourished
Japan became more self-sufficient as it developed industries to
produce goods previously imported