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Bio-based materials for nonwovens, formation and the structure of the…
Bio-based materials for nonwovens
Raw materials for nonwovens
Fibers are the main raw materials for nonwoven
products.
the fibers are held together by a bonding material.
Each system of fiber and binder is selected based on
the nonwoven end use
The binder is the film-forming
element of a coating or adhesive
Nonwovens web formation methods
Nonwovens are formed by laying or extruding a fiber
suspension onto a conveying surface.
The physical environment at this phase can be dry, wet or molten: dry-laid, wet-laid or spun-melt
In the dry-laid forming process, the fibers
are carded or aerodynamically formed
Both methods are very versatile regarding raw materials that can be processed, such as natural fibers, recycled fibers.
Nonwovens web bonding methods
Mechanical bonding includes hydroentangling/spunlacing, needle-punching or stitchbonding.
Hydroentangling or spunlacing
employs high pressure
water jets to entangle a web of loose fibers on a porous
belt or forming wire.
is usually applied to wet-laid
and dry-laid webs but also suitable for spun-laid webs.
The fibers that compose the web for hydroentangling need to be flexible enough and capable of entwining between them.
This technique is seen as a possibility to
replace chemical binders, while giving softer, absor-
bent, strong and flexible fabrics
Plant-based materials
What they are?
Bio-based materials are mainly derived from plants and are very diverse regarding their physicochemical properties.
Materials
carbohydrate and protein polymers
The carbohydrate polymers represent the majority of the materials
Fibers
Flax
Hemp
Jute
Bamboo
Straw
Sugarcane bagasse
Cottom
formation and the structure of the resulted nonwoven,