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Human Resources management - Coggle Diagram
Human Resources management
definition: the strategic approach to the effective management of employees so that they help the business gain a competitive advantage
purpose and role
Workforce planning
Recruitment and selection
Developing employees
Developing employees
Preparing contracts
Dismissal and redundancy
Taking responsibility for management and workforce relation
Monitoring and improving employee morale and welfare
Managing payment and other incentive systems
Measuring and monitoring employee performance
Managing employees
Managed effectively
More likely to achieve its objectives
That’s why efficient HRM is important
workforce planning
The number of employees required:
Productivity level
Objectives of the business
Changes in the law
Labor turnover and absenteeism
Forecast demand for the product
The skills of the workers required:
The pace of technological change
The need for flexible or multi-skilled worker
definition: forecasting the number of workers and the skills that will be required by the organization to achieve its objectives.
workforce audit: a check on the skills and qualifications of all existing workers/managers
Workforce audit
Workforce planning
Failed: too few workers, right skills
Failed: too many workers, wrong skills
labour turnover
definition and formula
measure the rate at which employees are leaving an organization
number of employees leaving in 1 year/average number of people employed x 100
Cost of higher labor turnover
Cost of recruiting, selecting and training new staff
Poor output levels and customer service due to vacancies
Difficult establish customer loyalty
Difficult to establish team spirit
Potential benefits of high labor turnover
Low-skilled staff might be leaving, replaced with better ones
New idea brought into
Can help business to plan reduce numbers of employee
High labor turnover
Employee discontent, low morale
Cost
potential benefit
Tip: Try to make links in your answer between HRM and the long-term objectives of the business. For example, if the aim is to improve customer service, then more workers might need to be recruited into managing customer complaints.
recruitment and selection
steps
Job description
Person specification
Job advertisement
Shortlist of applicants
Selecting between applicants
Job offered
Definitions
Recruitment: the process of identifying the need of a new employee, defining the job to be filled and the type of person needed to fill it, and attracting suitable candidates for the job
Selection: the series of steps by which candidates are interviewed, tested and screened to choose the most suitable persons for vacant post.
Recruitment agency: a business that offers the service of recruiting applicants for vacant posts.
Job description: a detailed list of the key points about the job to be fille, stating all its key tasks and responsibilities
Person specification: a detailed list of the qualities, skill and qualifications that successful applicant will need to have
Application form: an official document that employers want their job candidates to fill in while applying for a job
CV: a brief account of a person's education, qualifications, and previous occupations, typically sent with a job application; a résumé
Resume: a brief account of a person’s education, qualifications, and previous experience, typically sent with a job application.
Reference: a letter from a previous employer testifying to someone's ability or reliability, used when applying for a new job
Assessment center: a variety of testing techniques designed to allow candidates to demonstrate, under standardized conditions, the skills and abilities that are most essential for success in a given job
Tip: Pay attention of the most common mistake, job description and person specification is different, memorize its definition!
external and internal recruitment
Advantages internal recruitment
Already known the applicant
Applicant know the org, no need training
Well understood the culture
It's often quicker
Cheaper
Career structure
Use to the management style
Advantages external recruitment
Bring new ideas
Wider choice
Wider choice
Avoid resentment
Higher standard
External recruitment: when a business aims to fill a vacancy within its existing workforce
Internal recruitment: when a business aims to fill a vacancy with a suitable applicant from outside of the business, such as an employee from other organizations
Tip: The disadvantages of each method of recruitment are the opposite of the advantages of the other method. For example, a drawback of external recruitment is that it does not give internal staff a career structure or a chance to progress.
Employment contract
Inside of employment contracts
responsibilities
Permanent or temporary
Working hours, part-time/full-time, work on weekends, payment method, etc
Holiday entitlement and benefits
Number of days notice if the worker want to resign, vice versa
Definition: a legal document that sets out the terms and conditions governing a worker’s job
Redundancy and dismissal of employees
Dismissal is fair if employer can show one of the following
Inability to do the job even after training
Continuous negative attitude at work
Disregard of required health and safety procedures
Deliberate destruction of employers property
Bullying of other employees
Unfair dismissal is one of the following
Pregnancy
Discriminatory reason (race, gender and religion)
Being a member of union
definitions
redundancy: a company sort of firing you but not cause you did something wrong bit because they don't need you or can't afford you
unfair dismissal: when you're fired but you didn't do anything wrong or the reason is not something that's grounds for you being fired
dismissal: when you're fired cause you did something wrong to the business
employee morale and welfare
HR managers not just focus on making sure business has enough workers, most of the times morale and welfare of the employee is playing an important role
Reasons why work-life balance hard to achieve
Customer expect to have goods and services available outside traditional working hours
Organization want to match their business needs with the way their employees want to work
Globalization led much greater levels of competition
How to achieve it
Flexible working
Teleworking
Job sharing
Sabbatical periods
definitions
employee morale: he attitude and satisfaction of employees within an organization
employee welfare: a term that encompasses a broad range of benefits and services that an employer may offer to its employees
work life balance: to the level of prioritisation between personal and professional activities in an individual's life
equality and diversity policy: a written agreement for your group about how you will avoid discriminating against people, and how you will create a safe and inclusive atmosphere for your members and service users
impacts of diversity and equality in the workplace
Benefits on promoting equality
Creating environment with high morale and motivation
Developing a good reputation and able to recruit top talent based on fairness
Measuring employee performance by their achievement at work
Benefits on promoting diversity
Capturing a bigger market share
Employing more qualified workforce as selection based on merit not discrimination
Increasing creativity
Achieving cultural awareness
Promoting diverse language skills
Training and development
Induction training
New recruit
Introduce to people, org structure, premises, rules, etc
On the job training
Conduct internally
Working closely with more experienced member.
Off the job training
Conduct externally
Potential of being a new source of idea.
training: when you go through something to improve your skills
induction training: the workers are given an introduction to the workplace and are shown around
on the job training: they train by watching and doing during operational hours
off the job training: outside specialists train individuals how to do the job well and improve their skills
Impact on the training on a business and its employees
Training worker
(downside)
Expensive investment
Leave for better paid job / get poached
Not training worker
Less productive, flexible and adaptable
Subpar service and working accident
Training worker
(upside)
Happy employee, motivated, and satisfy
Loyal to the business
Multiskilled worker also give benefit
Multi-skilling: having or involving skill, aptitude, or ability in more than one area
Employee appraisal: a regular review of an employee's job performance and overall contribution to a company
Employee development to encourage intrapreneurship
HOW
Being independent thinkers and creative
Given opportunities to mix and work with other skilled employee from different departments
Empowered with the authority and resources
Assured is some failure is expected
Encourage with small ideas and innovations
Management and workforce relation
Benefits to managers and workers
Fewer day lost through strike
Easier for management to introduce change
Contribution of workforce likely to recognise by management
Agreement on more efficient operation will increase the competitiveness
Workers insight into way the business operates
definitions:
Industrial action: you take days off without permission and do protests
Collective bargaining: it's like a whole group bargaining so they have more power
Trade union recognition: once an employer has agreed to negotiate with it on pay and working conditions on behalf of a particular group of workers
Impact of trade union involvement
Power through solidarity
Individual action unlikely to be effective
Provide legal support
Put pressure on employers
Benefits of collective bargaining
Saves time and solidarity
Useful channel of communication
Union impose discipline, leads to hasty industrial action
Growth of responsible given employers a valuable forum
Dispute between trade union and management
Continue collective bargaining
Go slow
Work-to-rule
Overtime bans
Strike action
How to resolve the industrial dispute
Negotiations
PR campaign
Threat of redundancies
Changes of contract
Lock-outs
Closure