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Research supporting strict localisation, Research opposing the idea of…
Research supporting strict localisation
Paul Broca
Louis Loborgne lost the ability to speak at the age of thirty
Developed gangrene
Admitted to surgery to be performed by Paul Broca
By this time, Leborgne could only pronounce the word "tan"
Broca diagnosed him with Aphasia which is the loss of the ability to speak,
Leborgne's autoposy showed a lesion in the frontal lobe of the cortex. This area was named Broca's area.
Intelligence was intact and he could comprehend everything communicated to him. His only struggle was his inability to speak or write anything other than tan.
Carl Wernickie
Located in the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere
Responsible for the comprehension of spoken and written language.
The individual has a great impairment of language comprehension of spoken and written language. However, the speech production is clear. When they speak, they sound fluent and natural, however, their speech is largely meaningless.
Discovered in 1874.
Bryson Peterson
Impulsive speech
Thoughts were not cohesive
Wilder Penfield
Neural stimulation in order to map brain functions on a large scale.
Penciled was treating patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells which initiated the seizure.
Before conducting the surgery. the would stimulate parts of the brain with a gentle electrical wave while the patient was still conscious and observe the effects the stimulation had on behaviour.
This allowed him to understand which parts of the brain were responsible for sensory and motor stimulations and thus, he was able to create a map of the sensory and motor cortex known as the cortical homunculus.
The cortical homunculus is an original model of the body within the brain which shows the relative representation of the various parts of the body in the sensory cortex.
Research opposing the idea of strict localization
Karl Lashley
Used the technique of measuring behavior before and after a specific, carefully controlled induced brain damage in the cortex of rats.
Initially, he got a certain number of rats to run around a maze in the search of food and trained them to do so.
Once they memorized the maze, he would remove an arra from the cortex.
Then he would repeat the experiment with the rat who just got a piece of their cortex removed.
The objective of the study was to see that if memory is localized somewhere in the brain then by removing area after area. you will finally be able to pinpoint the specific region in the cortex responsible for it.
After conducting his experiment, Lashley abandoned his hypothesis and came to a conclusion that memory was distributed rather than localised.
Based on correlation observed between the percentage of cortex removed and learning abilities--> lesser cortex= slower learning abilities
Equipotentiality: if one part of the cortex gets destroyed, another part of it has the ability to take over for the destroyed part.