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Global Politics Presentation: Security -> 9/11 War on Terror - Coggle…
Global Politics Presentation: Security -> 9/11 War on Terror
Human Rights
Death Toll: 2,996
19 hijackers committing murder suicide in the name of...
400+ police officers and firefighters killed
Extreme violence sent the world into shock. Instead of strengthening human rights which prevent this violence, President George W. Bush neglected them, allowing push back to be done in private over being done in public.
This allowed for suspects to be treated with brutality, with White House Lawyer John Yoo using the euphemism: 'enhanced interrogation techniques', including waterboarding and brutal mistreatment, violating important human rights.
This blatantly violated the Geneva Conventions, which were overlooked as 'quaint' and 'obsolete'. Central Intelligence Agency General Michael Hayden publicly urged agents close to the line separating legal and illegal, while other agents secretly dismissed this line altogether.
This allowed for other leaders such as the presidents of Turkey and Egypt who each captured tens of thousands of innocents based on their religion under 'terrorism' despite a gaping lack of proof.
Upon President Obama's service, he put an end to the torture program; however, other senior officials who authorised this were not criminally investigated.
Legitimacy
How did American politicians react?
President George W. Bush declared the worldwide 'War on Terrorism'.
What followed: Iraq War, Afghanistan War
The US began a gargantuan effort to fight to eliminate terrorism
George Bush: '“We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbour them.”', beginning the War on Terror
Congress controversially passed the USA PATRIOT Act - expanded search and surveillance powers of law - enforcement & intelligence agencies. Department of Homeland Security was expanded
Brief: American Airlines flight 77, Iraq War / Afghanistan War, al - Qaeda, September 11 2001, New York - Twin Towers
Who planned the 9/11 attacks?
Al - Qaeda's Osama bin Laden, operational planner Khalid Sheikh Mohammed employed the tactics to use hijacked planes. All 19 hijackers died in the attacks
Al - Qaeda: an Islamic extremist group, this was the 'deadliest terrorist attack on American soil'.
Not just NY Twin Towers, 184 were killed at the Pentagon and 40 in Pennsylvania
Bin Laden believed that the USA was a paper tiger, due to America's withdrawal from Lebanon after the marine barracks bombing in 1983, as well as their withdrawal of American troops from Somalia in 1993
How did 9/11 change America?
Source: Britannica -
https://www.britannica.com/event/September-11-attacks
Source: Human Rights Watch -
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/09/9/11-unleashed-global-storm-human-rights-abuses
Connections to other case studies
Withdrawal of American Troops from Somalia 1993
Withdrawal of American etroops
The hunting and killing of Osama BinLaden
Why did 9/11 happen?
Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda were acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel. This was because of the USA's involvement in the Persian Gulf War as well as America's military presence in the Middle East.
What happened in the 9/11 attacks?
On the 11th of September, 2001, 19 hijackers from al Qaeda hijacked four planes. They flew two of these planes into the Twin Towers in New York, one in a field at Shanksville, Pennsylvania and one in