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A review on cellulose and its utilization from agro‑industrial waste -…
A review on cellulose and its utilization from agro‑industrial waste
Waste Utilization
Waste is defined as any material, which has not yet been fully utilized, i.e., the leftovers from production and utilization.
CELLULOSE
Plants produce about 180 billion tons of cellulose manufacture annually, and it is the largest reservoir of organic carbon on the earth. Cellulose constitutes the most abundant, renewable polymer resource available today worldwide
History
Cellulose has no taste, odourless, hydrophilic with the contact angle of 20º–30º, it is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, is chiral and is biodegradable.
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
The kraft process is used to separate cellulose from lignin, another major component of plant matter. Paper products: Cellulose is the major constituent of paper, paperboard, and card stock
WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
Worldwide, 3.6 million tonnes of dissolving pulp were produced in 2009. The manufacture of dissolving pulp improved by 24% worldwide between 1998 and 2009.
Structure and Properties
Cellulose has no taste, odourless, hydrophilic with the contact angle of 20º–30º, it is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, is chiral and is biodegradable.
Annual Production of Cellulose in Asia
Annually, asia alone generates 4.4 billion tonnes of solid wastes and municipal solid wastes comprise 790 million tonnes of which about (6%) metric tonnes are generated in India
UTILIZATION OF AGRO-WASTE
Cellulose can be isolated from various raw resources such as soybean hulls, pea hull, corn bran, dried beet pulp, and oat hull
ISOLATION OF CELLULOSE FROM FRUIT PEEL
Isolation of cellulose from orange peel (OP) waste with the united effect of temperature and concentration on using high-intensity ultrasonication was subjected to different chemical treatments to eliminate non cellulosic compounds.
NATURAL SOURCES
The main occurrence of cellulose is the accessible lignocellulosic substance in forests, with wood as the most essential source.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences for their guidance and support.