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intro to sociology - Coggle Diagram
intro to sociology
Economic Globalisation
Argues that there is now a single fully integrated global economy based on the ‘new international division of labour’, with growing trade and economic connections between different parts of the world – replaced the traditional division of labour.
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Useful in highlighting the use of cheap labour in poor countries. However can be misleading as many poor countries still rely on exporting goods and many rich companies still have some manufacturing industries.
The spread of capitalism – even nominally communist countries such as china/Vietnam have moved away from state control of the economy and allow capitalist businesses.
The growth and strength of TNCs – supply of resources, production and consumption have all been globalised.
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Finance and money markets – banks and stockbrokers are often transnational operations, money events on the other side of the world can quickly effect us.
key concepts
CAGE - class, age, gender, education
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globalisation
Refers to the process whereby there is growing interconnectedness of societies around the world with the spread of the same culture, consumer goods and economic interests across the globe
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However sometimes the term is used to refer to the globalisation of capitalism, democratic freedoms and greater consumerism. This can be accompanied by ‘alternative globalisation’ including Fair trade, human rights, gender equality etc…
political globalisation
The number of liberal democracies has grown significantly since the early 1990s and there are far fewer dictatorships.
Not all political systems are ‘free and fair’, but elections are almost always observed by international monitors and there are procedures to try and reduce bribery, vote rigging and so on.
Nation states have also become less important compared to TNCs and global or supranational political entities (EU, UN) – national government face problems that are too big for them to deal with on their own (climate change, pollution, terrorism etc). These therefore require ‘global decision making’.
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cultural globalisation
Cultural globalisation is closely linked to economic globalisation and includes:
- the exsistance of worldwide informayion and communication systems
- global pattern of consumerism
- cosmopolitan lifestyles
- world sport
- world tourism
Most attention is focused on Americanism but other aspects include the growth of Christianity, Islam and other religions, the dominance of the English language and the spread of western values.