Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Perfect Tenses - Coggle Diagram
Perfect Tenses
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
"I will have been sleeping for 9 hours by 12 a.m. tomorrow."
Subject + will / won't + have + been + V-ing
to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future
to talk about something that finishes just before another time or action
"She will have won the race by this afternoon."
Subject + will / won't + have + V.3
to talk about an action that will be completed before another event takes place / another time
to talk about an action that will finish before a certain time in the future, but we don't know exactly when
to express conviction that something happened in the near past
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
"He has been repairing the car for two hours."
-ing verb
unfinished/temporary actions
emphasising duration of an action
subject + have/has + been +V-ing
"He has repaired the car."
finished/permanent actions
emphasising the result of the action
Subject + have/has +V3
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
-ing verb
"He was tired because he had been jogging."
subject + had/hadn't + been + v-ing
to describe a past action started and continued up to another action or time in the past
to show duration before something in the past
"Richard needed a holiday because he had been working hard for 6 months."
To describe the cause of something in the past
"I had been playing football for about an hour when it started to rain."
"I got stuck in traffic because there had been an accident."
to describe an action finished before another past action
describing an action that happened before a specific time (in the past)
"I got stuck in traffic until 7pm because there had been an accident."
to show cause and effect (combine with past simple)
"I had gone out for dinner when I got stuck in traffic."
Subject + had/hadn't +past participle + ...