HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT
Early Management
Ancient Management
Adam Smith
Industrial Revolution
Management thought during classical period, when Pyramids from Egypt and Great Wall from China was created
The Wealth of Nation was published (1776)
After published, The book by Adam Smith has change the world, which is as advocated to increase the productivity of workers
Organizations for management frequently created larger than before.
The use of human labor was minimize and organizations started to subtitutes human labor for machine power.
Scientific Management (When the world of management started to think the scientific method is one of the best approach to finish the job.)
Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1911)
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Taylor was one of the earliest proponents of management theory.
The scientific methods required standard to get the accurate result
Scientific method needs the right person that understood tools and equipments
Scientific method will be providing an economic incentive to the workers.
Scientific method using science for each element for development process.
Management needs to divide work and responsibility fitted for this method to get better fitted the workers.
Frank and Lillian Gilberth came up with and idea of evaluate workers and analyze their motions. The idea called time and motion studies.
The idea focused on increasing worker productivity and optimize work performance by evaluate and analyze their motions.
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Behavioral Approach (A management approach focuses to individual behavior, motivations, and social interactions.)
Early OB Advocates
Organizational Behavior (OB)
An approach to study employee interactions. OB emphasize that people, which employees are the most important asset of an organization.
Roberts Owen Late 177s declared that OB needs to do idealistic workplace. Then, organizations can prevent deplorable working conditions.
Hugo Munsterberg Early 1900s suggestes psychological test for the whole employee recruitment process to knew employee behavior and motivation.
Mary Parker Follett Early 1900s declared that OB needs different perspective, which are individual and group behavior. From that suggestion, organization expected to produce more people-oriented idea and better group ethic.
Chester Barnard 1930s declared that manager is the key to create the best social system on organization. Barnard believed manager's were capable to communicate and stimulate employees high levels of effort.
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Quantitative Approuch (An approach using mathematical and statistical methods)
Called operations or management science becauce quantitative approach focuses on improving managerial decision making.
Quantitave approach objective to measurements mathematical and statistical methods using surveys, polls, and questionnaires to gain statistics, optimization models, informations models, and computer simulations.
Contemporary Approach (An approach to establish the organization goals using organization activites, planning, decision making, and monitoring.)
Contemporary approach combined interrelated and interdependent parts to produces a unified whole.
Closed system means external environment don't affect any process while organization utilize contemporary approach, even the result of the output.
Open system means external environment will affect the process by taking inputs. Then, it will affect the outputs based on their environments.