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Developing Problems for the relationship betwen colonists and Britain in…
Developing Problems for the relationship betwen colonists and Britain in 1763
British Debt/financial problems
Britain’s national debt more than doubled! (£130 million)
Prime Ministers Lord Bute and Lord Grenville believe America should pay towards its own protection
Concern that smuggling and non-payment of duties was endemic (weapons had been discovered to be smuggled to the French in Canada from Boston and New York!)
1764 Sugar Act
1764 The Currency Act
The cost of colonial defence had risen from 70k in 1748 to 350k by 1763
End of Salutary Neglect
James Otis
Argued against the Court in Boston in 1761 that Writs of Assistance (warrants to search houses and ships) for smuggled goods were unreasonable
Referred to natural law, Justice Coke (the unpleasantest man in England), Magna Carta and coined the term: taxation without representation is tyranny
Mutiny Act 1765
Dealings with Native Americans
Pontiacs War
Events/Reasons
As the French and Indian Wars came to an end in the early 1760s, Native Americans living in former French territory found the new British authorities to be far less conciliatory.
In 1762, Pontiac enlisted support from practically every Indian tribe from Lake Superior to the lower Mississippi for a joint campaign to expel the British from the formerly French lands.
According to Pontiac’s plan, each tribe would seize the nearest fort and then join forces to wipe out the undefended settlements.
Outcomes
Convinced many western Pennsylvanians that their government was not doing enough to protect them.
On December 14, 1763, a group of more than 50 men from the village of Paxton marched on a nearby Indian village and murdered all they found.
Pennsylvania officials placed 16 survivors (who hadn’t been present) in protective custody but the Paxton boys broke into the gaol and murdered and mutilated them all.
Several hundred Paxtonians marched on Philadelphia in January 1764, where the presence of British troops stopped them.
Death/ capture of 2000 colonists
Royal Proclamation 1763
Response to Treaty of Paris with France (1763)
Dealt with absorption of Canada and New France into Empire (and Catholics)
Set up colonies of East and West Florida
Indian Iroquois allies to be satisfied
Indian Algonquin enemies to be mollified
This greatly angered many large landowners such as george washington.