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History Chapter 9 & 10 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Indonesian President believed that this new federation would continue to allow the British to control the territories
      - He wanted to unite the Malay Archipelago so he was against the Federation Of Malaya
    - - The death sentence of the 2 Indonesian soldiers who caused to bombing triggered the angry Indonesian students to attack Singapore embassy and homes of Singapore diplomats in Jakarta.
      - Measures implemented --> Singaporeans were advised to be on high alert
        A volunteer force was set up
        Emergency drills were carried out in Schools
      - During Konfrontasi from 1933 to 1966, there was fighting between the Indonesian, Malaysian and Commonwealth forces along the long land border that Malaysia shared with Indonesia. As many as 42 bombings were carried out by Indonesian saboteurs in Singapore during the conflict.
  - - - The British did not have the financial capacity to fund and resource to maintain military presence thus they had to withdraw their defence forces from Singapore 1967
- - - - NS was introduced in 1967 where males were conscripted to 2 years of service. This grew rapidly and became known as the SAF by 1970s. The People's Defence Force (PDF) was formed to supplement the SAF which was made up of part-time volunteers.
      - NS men became the bulk of the fighting force in the SAF who contribute to SG's peace and stability
    - - The equipment left by the British were mostly inadequate and obsolete to meet the growing demand of the SAF. Singapore had to buy equipment from other countries to meet its demand.
      - However it was a weakness to rely on other countries for military equipment. So Defence Minister Mr Goh developed Singapore's defence industry to produce locally made equipment and supplies for the SAF.
      - In 1967 the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS) was formed to produce ammunition and weapons for the SAF. Singapore also trained defence engineers and scientists to design and create new technology that was catered specifically to Singapore's defence needs
  - - - Singapore continued to maintain relations with Commonwealth countries such as Britain, Australia and Malaysia. This friendly relation allowed the SAF to buy equipment from them, train with them, and learn form there countries with more experienced armed forces
      - In 1971, Singapore, Australia, NZ, Britain and Malaysia formed the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) to assist one another in times of threats or attacks.
      - The FPDA facilitated regular combined military exercises to enhance defence cooperation. The strengthened military cooperation not only contributed to regional peace and stability, but also would help deter potential aggressors from attacking Singapore.
- - - - The literacy rate was very low among the children of school going age and more babies were being born each year.
      - It was important to equip youth with the necessary values, skills & knowledge so that they can earn a living and help build the nation
    - - None of the main ethnic groups could claim English as their own suggesting that the government did not favour any ethnic group
      - English was used internationally as language of commerce and industry. Thus by learning it, it would help prepare students for a better future
      - English would be the common language to break down language barriers and form stronger social bonds
    - - More emphasis on mathematics, science and technical subjects
        
        Students would be equipped with necessary knowledge and skills to work in the industrial sector after they graduated.
        
        This ensured a reliable supply of trained workers for the industrial sectors to attract MNCs here.
        
        (eg) From 1969, all male lower secondary school students and half the female cohort studied technical subjects studied subjects such as Home economics, Technical drawing
      - Equal education opportunities for girls and boys
        
        Everyone could play his/her part in the nation's economic progress
        
        This would promote a greater sense of national identity and unity
        
        Free education was given to all Singaporean children
  - - - Hawker Hygiene
        
        There were many unlicensed hawkers who lacked knowledge of proper hygienic food preparation and waste disposal practices which could risk food poisoning
        
        All hawkers had to be licensed so that they had to carry out proper checks and screenings
        
        The street hawkers were also relocated to hawker centers that had proper water and electricity supply and disposal facilities
      - Risk of flooding
        
        Frequent flooding occurred in several areas that caused the spread of diseases such as dengue and cholera
        
        Flood control measures were implemented such as building widening drains and canals
      - Air Pollution
        
        Increasing industrial activity had caused air to be more polluted that could lead to health problems
        
        The Clean Air Act was passed in 1971 to regulate the emission of pollutants in the air
      - Public cleanliness
        
        Rubbish was commonly discarded on the streets and became breeding grounds for diseases; many people liked to spit and litter in public
        
        The environmental Public Health Act was passed in 1968 which required people to clear any rubbish dumped on their premises.
        
        People would be fined for spitting and littering
        
        Waste collection such as improvement to equipment was done
      - Living Conditions
        
        As squatter settlements were set up near waterways that flowed to Singapore River, sewage and other pollutants could easily contaminate water-supply
        
        The government relocated the people in these settlements to the HDB estates
    - - Improving medical facilities
        
        Ensure government hospitals could provide treatment to those in urgent need of medical care
        
        Outpatient facilities at government hospitals were moved to government clinics
        
        Expansion of hospitals such as Tan Tock Seng catered to more patients
      - Improving healthcare for school-age children
        
        Tackle high occurrence of medical and dental issues among school-age children.
        
        School Health Service launched measures such as vaccination and regular health check-sips in schools
        
        Dental clinics were also set up in all new schools to check on children's dental problem
      - Conducting public health campaigns
        
        Increase awareness of important health practices such as nutrition, infant care and vaccination
        
        Public health talks and media such as posters was set up
      - Improving maternal and child healthcare
        
        Make sure all new born babies could grow up strong and healthy
        
        Parents were provided with information on the importance of vaccination against serious diseases such as diphtheria