Indonesian President believed that this new federation would continue to allow the British to control the territories

He wanted to unite the Malay Archipelago so he was against the Federation Of Malaya

The death sentence of the 2 Indonesian soldiers who caused to bombing triggered the angry Indonesian students to attack Singapore embassy and homes of Singapore diplomats in Jakarta.

Measures implemented --> Singaporeans were advised to be on high alert
A volunteer force was set up
Emergency drills were carried out in Schools

The British did not have the financial capacity to fund and resource to maintain military presence thus they had to withdraw their defence forces from Singapore 1967

When the British fully moved out all defence forces in 1971, Singapore was defenseless. It had no defence system and was only left with around 1000 officers which were not enough to defend Singapore effectively.

During WW2 even with 90,000 strong British forces they were not able to defend themselves from the Japanese

NS was introduced in 1967 where males were conscripted to 2 years of service. This grew rapidly and became known as the SAF by 1970s. The People's Defence Force (PDF) was formed to supplement the SAF which was made up of part-time volunteers.

During Konfrontasi from 1933 to 1966, there was fighting between the Indonesian, Malaysian and Commonwealth forces along the long land border that Malaysia shared with Indonesia. As many as 42 bombings were carried out by Indonesian saboteurs in Singapore during the conflict.

NS men became the bulk of the fighting force in the SAF who contribute to SG's peace and stability

The equipment left by the British were mostly inadequate and obsolete to meet the growing demand of the SAF. Singapore had to buy equipment from other countries to meet its demand.

However it was a weakness to rely on other countries for military equipment. So Defence Minister Mr Goh developed Singapore's defence industry to produce locally made equipment and supplies for the SAF.

In 1967 the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS) was formed to produce ammunition and weapons for the SAF. Singapore also trained defence engineers and scientists to design and create new technology that was catered specifically to Singapore's defence needs

Singapore continued to maintain relations with Commonwealth countries such as Britain, Australia and Malaysia. This friendly relation allowed the SAF to buy equipment from them, train with them, and learn form there countries with more experienced armed forces

In 1971, Singapore, Australia, NZ, Britain and Malaysia formed the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) to assist one another in times of threats or attacks.

The FPDA facilitated regular combined military exercises to enhance defence cooperation. The strengthened military cooperation not only contributed to regional peace and stability, but also would help deter potential aggressors from attacking Singapore.