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Topic 21. The Infinitive and the -Ing Form. Their Uses. - Coggle Diagram
Topic 21. The Infinitive and the -Ing Form. Their Uses.
Introduction
Devoted to grammar
form
function
uses of 2 non-finite forms
-ing or to infinitive/ bare infinitive
no personal/ temporal relations
different explainations to due with their uses, so
difficult lesson for learners
communicative competence (1105/2014) - learning situations Instruction 1/2022
The Infinitive: Form and Function
Main Forms (2)
Bare infinitive = base form
to- infinitive = to + base form
Uses
Give extra information
Express a reason, a purpose, function
subjects, complements
tense forms
Position in Sentences
Most usual
After certain verbs: I agree to appear in the arrange of the attempt to decide what to expect
After verbs+objects: I advice you to allow him to ask cause it encourages no forbidding or forced instruction
Bare infinitives after modals
Main Uses
Bare infinitive (7)
After modals, semi-modals and auxiliaries
After some expressions. Ex: I would rather...
After let or make
After and, or, except, but when joining infinitive structures
Imperatives
"All / The only thing I could do was..."
Completed perception
To- infinitive (7)
Noun
subject at the beginning of sentence or exclamation
object or part of the object
C. verb: BE, BECOME, SEEM
subordinate after interrogative
Modifier
After nouns, indefinite pronouns, certain adjectives
Express purpose, result or commands, instructions
Join two clauses and replace relatives
After
certain verbs
semiauxiliaries
catenatives
modal idioms
verbs expressing volition, cognition, perception
Construction too/ enough
Accusative
Idiomatic expressions
Main Functions (6)
a) Add info to verbs, verb + object, adjectives, nouns, expressions.
b) After a direct object. To explain a reason, purpose, function.
c) Subjects (activity)
d) Complements. After expressions or in pseudo-cleft sentences
e) After question words in indirect questions
f) After auxiliary verbs
going to
used to
The -Ing Form
Form
Gerund / present participle. Verbal noun
Form: general rule: add -ing to verb BUT :warning: spelling rules:
unpronounced "e" dropped double consonant
-y + ing (studying)
Main uses (3)
Adjective. Attributive or predicative. Ongoing action
Verb: present participle. It may take
Direct object
Adv. modifying
own subject
function as
adv. subordinate sentence
predicator complement after preposition
Noun
Main Functions (7)
a) Subject = action in general / a clause after a verb of cognition / in short prohibition
b) Predicate = BE / SEEM / BECOME. Ex. Seeing is believing
c) Direct object = transitive verbs
likes / dislikes
preferences
continuity
d) Preposition + -ing (except TO)
BUT some expressions with TO, followed by -ing. Ex: I'm looking forward to SEEING you
phrasal verbs with TO, followed by ING
e) Relative clauses
f) Adverbial clauses
absolute constructions. Ex.: God willing...)
g) Idiomatic expressions. Ex: It is no good...
Conclusion
Broad description
ESO students = hobbies
Find someone who enjoys...
Bachillerato: be used to, get used to...
curricular links...