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History & Theories of Management - Coggle Diagram
History & Theories of Management
Bureaucratic & Administrative Management
Bureaucratic Management
Max Weber
Believed organizations should function as a Bureacracy: Knowledge=Power
7 Characteristics of Bureacracy
1 Hiring=Qualified Workers
2 Promotion=Earned
3 Chain of Command
4 Defined and Divided Labor :silhouettes:
5 Impartial Rules/Procedures :checkered_flag:
6 Records in Writing :fountain_pen:
7 Managers :forbidden: Owners
Administrative Management
Henry Fayol: a founder of field of management
14 Principles of Management
Division of Work
Discipline
Authority & Responsibility
Unity of Command
Unity of Direction
Organization comes before individuals
Fair Compensation
Centralization
Vertical Chain of Command
Equity
Order
Stable Workforce
Initiative
Moral and Unity among Workers
Scientific Management
:pen:
Fredrick Taylor
Time Study
4 Principles
1 Develop a science for each study of work.
3 Cooperation between managers and employees
2 Scientifically select, train, teach and develop workers
4 Management and workers: Divide the work and responsibility evenly
Motion Studies: Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Definition
Motion studies: eliminating work by breaking down tasks into motions and getting rid of repetitiveness
Purpose
Simplify Work
Improve Productivity
Reduce level of effort
Lillian Gilbreth
Her work enacted Gov laws
Child labor laws
Workplace safety
Ergonomics
Henry Gantt
Gantt Chart: A vision schedule to complete a project
Detailed Planning
"Gantt Chart are now employed in computer-generated graphics and play a role in our modern approaches to information gathering, analysis, and decision making"(Peterson 1991).
Training and devoping workers
Human Relations Management
:silhouettes:
People Focused: Focused on the Psychiologucal and social aspects
Mary Parker Follett
Conflict and Coordination
Not Domination :red_cross: but Compromise= :check:
Integrative Conflict Solution
"with others" not "over" others
Founding "Mother" of Management
Elton Mayo
Hawthrone Studies
Increasing Job Satisfication and productivity=2 things :
1 Increased attention from management
thoughts from workers are listened to
Creates sense of participation
2 Cohesive work group
Working without force
Decreases "Soldiering" = increased productivty
Chester Barnard
Cooperation & Acceptance of Authority
Organization= 2+ people working together for a purpose
Emphasis on cooperation
Cooperation is workers acceptance of authority
Authority is ultimately granted by workers.
Operations, Information, Systems, & Contingency Management
Operations
Managing the daily production of goods and Services
Examples
Quality control
Production
Strategy
Planning
Resources
Cost
Systems
Connecting different parts of an organization
Subsystems
Smaller systems within the organizations
Synergy= Subsystems working together better than apart
Open Systems
Connecting organization to the environment
Information
Continous Growth in new information technologies
increasing abilities to receive store and communcate information
Post Messangers
Telegraph
Telephone
Internet
Contingency
Contingency Approach
No one right (or universal) management theory: Varies on situation
Key contengies to focus on before taking action:
Problems
Situations
Employees
References
Petersen, P. B. (1991). The Evolution Of The Gantt Chart And Its Relevance Today. Journal of Managerial Issues, 3(2), 131–155.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/40603907
Williams, C. (2021). MGMT 12, Principles of Management (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.