Pathway Regulation INSULIN WANTS TO FATTEN YOU UP, GLUCAGON WANTS TO BREAK YOU INTO PIECES, ALCOHOL WANTS YOU TO DIE

glycolysis

gluconeogenesis

glycogenolysis

fat synthesis requires NADPH

fat oxidation ONLY LONG CHAIN FA NEED ACYLATION

ketogenesis

cholesterol synthesis

GLUCAGON G6P F6P ATP CITRATE inhibits PFK1

INSULIN AMP FRUCTOSE 2,6 Bisphosphate ACTIVATES PFK FRUCTOSE 1,6 BISPHOSPHATE activates PK

INSULIN ADP FRUCTOSE 2,6 BP AMP

GLUCAGON ACETYL COA CITRATE ATP FRUCTOSE 1,6 BIPHOSPHATE G6P

GLUCAGON AMP

INSULIN G6P ATP

INSULIN

GLUCAGON, CHOLESTEROL

INSULIN HIGH GLUCOSE ATP CITRATE

GLUCAGON LOW GLUCOSE AMP ACYL COA PALMITOYL COA Epinephrine

GLUCAGON EPINEPHRINE CORTISOL

MALONYL COA INSULIN

PROLONGED FASTING ALCOHOL

N/A

PPP

TCA

glycogenesis

INSULIN G6P ATP

GLUCAGON AMP

HMG COA REDUCTASE P* OFF

ACETYLCOA CARBOXYLASE*P OFF biotin required! *

CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1

HMG COA SYNTHASE

HEXOKINASE, PFK1, PYRUVATE KINASE

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATASE, F 1,6 BISPHOPHATASE, PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE & PEP CARBOXYKINASE

GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE*P OFF

GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE **P ON

PDH*P OFF

ADP

ACETYL COA INHIBITS PDH, NADH FADH2 ATP inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase making more citrate to route to fat synthesis when ATP high!

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

G6P NADP+

NADPH

UREA

CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1

ETHANOL

HIGH NADH/NAD+ LEADS TO DHAP ROUTED TO G3P TO GLYCEROL TO MAKE FAT, INHIBITION OF TCA LEADS TO HIGH ACETYL COA TO MORE FATTY AND KETONES, MORE LACTATE , INCREASED OAA TO MALATE MEANS IMPAIRED GLUCONEOGENESIS

MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE, A KG DEHYDROGENASE ALL FUCKED BY HIGH NADH/ NAD ratio

ETC

ATP SYNTHASE

uncoupling 2,4 D, aspirin uncoupling protein inhibitors Oligomycin

PDH PHOSPHATASE ACTIVATES PDH AND IS STIMULATED BY INSULIN

PDH KINASE INHIBITS PDH AND IS STIMULATED BY GLUCAGON BECAUSE FASTING.STARVATION TURNED OFF BY PHOSPHORYLATION

PHOSPHORYLATION TURNS OFF

PHOSPHORLYLATION TURNS ON VIA fasting glucagon stimulates cAMP which activates protein Kinase A which phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase kinase which adds P

PHOSPHORYLATION TURNS OFF AMPK

INSULIN STIMULATES PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE TO TURN OFF

AMPK TURNS OFF VIA PHOSPHORYLATION

N acetyl glutamate! means won't happen when starving made from arginine

PKA ACTIVATES HORMONE SENSTIVE LIPASE which turns triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acid molecules