Pathway Regulation INSULIN WANTS TO FATTEN YOU UP, GLUCAGON WANTS TO BREAK YOU INTO PIECES, ALCOHOL WANTS YOU TO DIE
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
fat synthesis requires NADPH
fat oxidation ONLY LONG CHAIN FA NEED ACYLATION
ketogenesis
cholesterol synthesis
GLUCAGON G6P F6P ATP CITRATE inhibits PFK1
INSULIN AMP FRUCTOSE 2,6 Bisphosphate ACTIVATES PFK FRUCTOSE 1,6 BISPHOSPHATE activates PK
INSULIN ADP FRUCTOSE 2,6 BP AMP
GLUCAGON ACETYL COA CITRATE ATP FRUCTOSE 1,6 BIPHOSPHATE G6P
GLUCAGON AMP
INSULIN G6P ATP
INSULIN
GLUCAGON, CHOLESTEROL
INSULIN HIGH GLUCOSE ATP CITRATE
GLUCAGON LOW GLUCOSE AMP ACYL COA PALMITOYL COA Epinephrine
GLUCAGON EPINEPHRINE CORTISOL
MALONYL COA INSULIN
PROLONGED FASTING ALCOHOL
N/A
PPP
TCA
glycogenesis
INSULIN G6P ATP
GLUCAGON AMP
HMG COA REDUCTASE P* OFF
ACETYLCOA CARBOXYLASE*P OFF biotin required! *
CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1
HMG COA SYNTHASE
HEXOKINASE, PFK1, PYRUVATE KINASE
GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATASE, F 1,6 BISPHOPHATASE, PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE & PEP CARBOXYKINASE
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE*P OFF
GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE **P ON
PDH*P OFF
ADP
ACETYL COA INHIBITS PDH, NADH FADH2 ATP inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase making more citrate to route to fat synthesis when ATP high!
GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
G6P NADP+
NADPH
UREA
CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1
ETHANOL
HIGH NADH/NAD+ LEADS TO DHAP ROUTED TO G3P TO GLYCEROL TO MAKE FAT, INHIBITION OF TCA LEADS TO HIGH ACETYL COA TO MORE FATTY AND KETONES, MORE LACTATE , INCREASED OAA TO MALATE MEANS IMPAIRED GLUCONEOGENESIS
MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE, A KG DEHYDROGENASE ALL FUCKED BY HIGH NADH/ NAD ratio
ETC
ATP SYNTHASE
uncoupling 2,4 D, aspirin uncoupling protein inhibitors Oligomycin
PDH PHOSPHATASE ACTIVATES PDH AND IS STIMULATED BY INSULIN
PDH KINASE INHIBITS PDH AND IS STIMULATED BY GLUCAGON BECAUSE FASTING.STARVATION TURNED OFF BY PHOSPHORYLATION
PHOSPHORYLATION TURNS OFF
PHOSPHORLYLATION TURNS ON VIA fasting glucagon stimulates cAMP which activates protein Kinase A which phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase kinase which adds P
PHOSPHORYLATION TURNS OFF AMPK
INSULIN STIMULATES PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE TO TURN OFF
AMPK TURNS OFF VIA PHOSPHORYLATION
N acetyl glutamate! means won't happen when starving made from arginine
PKA ACTIVATES HORMONE SENSTIVE LIPASE which turns triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acid molecules