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causes of the annexation of Hawaii - Coggle Diagram
causes of the annexation of Hawaii
social
japananese and chinese immigration
intellectual/ideological
imperialism: age of imperialism 1870-1914, european nations increase of imperialistic policies, caused competition between nations
america seeing this could feel threatened and behind in term of becoming a world power and growing an "empire"
american imperialism during late 19th century
ideology believing in american supremacy, western supremacy became a growing idea
america was anti-japanese
if Japanese immigration did not decrease, Japan would come in and take over all sugar properties
political
political relations between the US and japan and partially ideological motives: america feared japanese occupation of the hawaiian islands
believed japan might move in/take over the country arguing that the population was mostly Japanese. Or the local government would be unable to protect the property.
political war increased motives: spanish-US war pushed the US to annex hawaii as they were in need of a naval base and coaling station
strategic naval base location as they had a territory in the pacific
historian view: Haunani-Kay Trask believes America never cares about the Hawaiian culture or native Hawaiian customs, the US mainly had interest in Hawaii because it is a mid-Pacific location, a strategically important location for military and political reasons.
reciprocity treaty 1875
economic impact:
one term of the treaty allowed goods to be imported to the US duty-free (without tariffs)
economic impact: economic priviledges, control, advantages granted to the US that was not granted to other countries, in exchange for duty-free trade
increase of sugar trade between hawaii-US, this strengthened US business interests in hawaii
how this led to annexation: hawaii became economically dependent on the US, the treaty was supposed to appear favorable for hawaiian sugar trade but in reality the US established more control over hawaii, and increased the US' motivations to annex hawaii
convenience at this point (having already established power over the trade through this treaty
increased US motives as the business relations were strengthened through this treaty (if the reciprocity treaty was not established, had the annexation happened/happened as quickly?)
historian view: whereas, Mesick viewed the reciprocity treaty of 1875 as the opportunity that led an era of prosperity for the Hawaiian Kingdom (as the sugar industry and trade would thrive).
However, I agree more with Merze Tate that the agreements/exchangements on the reciprocity treaty were bait to Hawaii as it gave the US more control over the economy as Hawaii became dependent on the US for the sugar trade industry
historian view: merze tate believes “the Reciprocity Treaty was a political and economic move that bound the Hawaiian Island to the United States. The treaty established American influence over the islands as well as economic resources.”
political impact: in 1887, there was an addition to the reciprocity treaty which granted the US use of (known as Puʻu Loa) Pearl Harbor for a coal and repair station
need for resources: due to the spanish american war the US was in need of a naval base and coaling station
politically strategic position/location: pearl harbor was one of the largest and best natural harbors in the pacific ocean, and the US wanted to take it before japan did
ideological impact: through a hindsight view, once the reciprocity treaty was established, it was more convenient to annex hawaii due to strengthened relations/control. since the US was anti-japanese, and would want to prevent the japanese from taking control over hawaii
convenience at this point as the US had other motives (the other body arguments) and the US now had more power over hawaii than japan, despite japanese population
ideological impact: another motivation the US would have been to follow imperialistic ideals as the annexation was during the new imperialism age, and many western powers were conquering other nations
economic
growth of the sugar industry would cause the number of oriental to exceed the white civilization on the islands.
how this led to annexation: US annexed Hawaii out of fear of Japanese occupation of Hawaii, as more Japanese immigrated to work in the the sugar trade