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COMPS review - Coggle Diagram

- - - - group similar symptoms together (1st comprehensive system)
    - - classify mental disorders like physical disorders
  - - - positive and negative symptoms
  - - - socio-cultural
      - cognitive
      - family
  - - - psychodynamic therapy
        
        reduce unconcious conflicts
        
        techniques:
        
        free association, dream analysis
        
        resistance, transference
      - CBT
        
        (2nd gen) cognitive therapy
        
        Aaron Beck
        
        cognition
        
        content
        
        process
        
        CBT
        
        relabel
        
        reattruibute
        
        refocus
        
        revalue
        
        (3rd gen) mindfulness/acceptance based
        
        6 core features
        
        contact w/ present moment
        
        observing self
        
        acceptance
        
        values
        
        cognitive diffusion
        
        committed action
        
        (1st get) behavior therapy
        
        behavior is learned, so can be unlearned
        
        identify behavior --> modify behavior --> change functioning
        
        exposure therapy
        
        positive reinforcement, extinction, fading
      - humanistic
        
        holistic understanding of human functioning
        
        meaningful relationships/goals/experiences that induce growth
        
        valuing self, goals, and individual experiences devoid from external demnads
        
        human beings have inherent value and potential but must also contend w/ the burden of choice
        
        Carl rogers: client centered therapy
        
        est. therapeutic environment for self actualization
        
        eg transparency, empathy, safe space
      - DBT
        
        borderline persaonlity
    - - Krapelin
      - dix
      - pinel
  - - - rorschach
      - Thematic Apprecetption test (TAT)
        
        good for motivation and relationally
    - - MMPI
- - - - somatic
      - autonomic
        
        sympathetic
        
        fight or flight
        
        parasympathetic
        
        rest and digest
        
        homesoststsis
    - - spinal cord
        
        neurons
        
        interneurons
        
        motor (efferent)
        
        sensory (afferent)
      - brain
        
        forebrain
        
        cerebrum
        
        temporal
        
        occipital
        
        parietal
        
        frontal
        
        cerebral cortex
        
        motor cortex
        
        somatosensory cortex
        
        auditory cortex
        
        limbic system
        
        hippocampus
        
        NAcc
        
        amygdala
        
        connects animal activities to human functions
        
        thalamus
        
        post office
        
        hypothalamus
        
        homeostasis motivation
        
        central sulcus
        
        pineal gland
        
        midbrain
        
        top of brain stem
        
        medulla
        
        pons
        
        midbrain
        
        brains tem connects spinal cord to brain, more primitive functions
        
        tectum
        
        colliculi
        
        tegmenjtum
        
        hindbrain
        
        medulla
        
        pons
        
        cerebellum
    - - perceive (define) input
      - respond/act
      - receive sensory info
  - - - DA, EPI, NE
      - mood, DA: movement
      - DA high: schizophrenia, low: Parkinsons
    - - memory attention mood, MOVEMENT
      - lacking in alzheimers
    - - inhibitory transmitters
      - lacking in anxiety
      - benzodiazepine is a GABA agonist
    - - excitatory transmitter
    - - IPSP: hyper polarization
      - NT receptors
        
        metabotropic (slower
        
        ionotropic
    - - regulation, body
      - lacking makes it harder to have DA bursts (anhedonia)
    - - hypothalamus
      - pituitary
  - - - MRI while doing task
    - - radioactive substance injected and tracked
    - - 3d image, not super clear
    - - measures electric impulses radiating from skull that change with activity
  - - - specific nerve energies
    - - speed of nerve impulse
    - - synapse
    - - phrenology
- - - - taste cells on taste buds
        
        salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami
      - portions of nerves
      - molecules dissolved on tongue (chemorecprotrs)
    - - molecules on membrane in nose
        
        olfactory epithelium
      - chemoreceptors
      - olfactory bulb
    - - receptors: hair cells in cochlea (mech energy--> electrical signals)
      - pathway: auditory nerve
      - stimulus: : air pressure waves (mechanoreceptors)
        
        temporal coding (firing rates of hair cells match frequency of wave: match pitch
        
        place coding
        
        close to window: lower frequencies (better, lower pitch
        
        amplitude: volume:
    - - pressure
      - mechanoreceptors/thermoreceptors: haptic receptors
      - sensory neurons --> CNS
    - - pathway: optic nerve to brain
      - receptors: rods and cones in retina (photoreceptors)
      - stimulus: light waves/electromagnetic energy
        
        hue: wave's place in the color spectrum
        
        lightness: colors perceived intensity
        
        wavelength:
        
        saturaion: purity of color
      - the eye
        
        retina
        
        rods
        
        darker, less detail
        
        fovea
        
        cones
        
        color/brighter
        
        iris
        
        optic nerve
        
        schismatic
        
        lens
      - binocular vision
        
        allows us to see depth
        
        retinal disparity
      - gestalt
        
        continuation
        
        similarity
        
        proximity
        
        figure/ground
        
        closure
        
        order/pragnanz
        
        symmetry
  - - - individual. differences
    - - Gestalt
      - phi phenomenon
    - - discrimination/absolute threshold
      - psychophysics
        
        signal detection theory
        
        sensory adaptation
        
        receiver operating characteristic
    - - just noticeable difference
      - Weber's Law
  - - - temporal lobe
      - somatosensory cortex
      - occipital lobe
      - dorsal/ventral stream
- - - - role of anxiety
      - social comparison theory
        
        similarity to another increases comparison
        
        we tend to change to fit in with a group
        
        we tend to evaluate ourselves based on what
      - factors that contribute to attraction
      - reciprocity hypothesis
        
        gain/loss hypothesis
      - social exchange theory
        
        equity theory
    - - Hovland's model of persuasion
      - cognitive dissonance theory
        
        spreading alternatives
        
        post decisional dissonance
      - elaboration likelihood model
      - balance theory
      - resisting persuasion
        
        belief persuasion
        
        reactance
        
        analogy of inoculation
      - self perception theory
    - - social learning theory
      - frustration-agression hypothesis (catharsis and displacement)
      - types of aggression
        
        proactive
        
        hostile
        
        reactive
    - - obedience paradigm
      - compliance strategies
        
        door in the face
        
        foot in the door
      - GROUPS
        
        social loafing
        
        deindividuation
        
        social facilitation
        
        group decision making
        
        groupthink
        
        risky shift (but Stoner found opposite effect)
        
        value hypothesis
        
        group polarization
        
        information influence model
        
        social comparison model
        
        prisoner's dilemma
        
        method for studying people's tendency to cooperate or choose
      - definitions
        
        obedience
        
        compliance
        
        conformity
  - - - Ash's study
      - stanford prison experiment
      - Sherif's study
      - robber's cave experiemnt
  - - - Ash
      - Milgram
      - Sherif
      - Zimbardo
      - Janis
    - - Bandura
- - - - little Albert
    - - operant conditioning
        
        positive
        
        punishment
        
        reinforcement
        
        negative
        
        punishment
        
        reinforcement
        
        partial reinforcement
        
        variable ratio (number of times)
        
        best at motivating
        
        fixed interval (time)
        
        fixed ratio (number of times)
        
        variable interval (time)
        
        best at motivating
    - - classical conditioning
        
        US paired with UR becomes CR to newly CS
        
        3 elements
        
        extinction
        
        acquisition
        
        spontaneous recovery
- - - - skinner
        
        personality = collection of behavior reinforced enough to persist over time
      - bandura
        
        vicarious learning/reinforcement
      - seligman
        
        learned helplessness if we are punished enough (motivation for action decreases)
        
        repeatedly powerless --> external locus of control
        
        Julian rotter: external locus of control --> depression
      - Dollard and miller
        
        behavioral stimulus-response reinforcement theory (reinforcement/punishemnt)
        
        conflicting motives/tendencies lead to personality development
    - - adler
        
        personality = effects of social imperatives on unconscious factors
        
        therefore, personality is enhanced when not being selfsih
        
        inferiority complex
        
        fictional finalism
      - jung
        
        added social/culture influences to unconscious drives
        
        we have personal and collective uniconciuos
        
        collective unconscious
        
        shadow
        
        anima
        
        persona
        
        self
        
        extroversion/introversion
      - Horney
        
        we are neurotic when we dont have those 10 needs
        
        10 needs - if met, life is bearable
      - freud
        
        strutural dynamic theory
        
        superego
        
        seeks morality/goodness
        
        ego
        
        logic, reason guiding id
        
        id
        
        primitive, instinctual
        
        unconscious desires motivate our behavior and interaction with thee overtime form our personality
        
        defense mechanisms
        
        repression/suppression
        
        projection
        
        reaction formation
        
        rationalization
        
        regression
        
        sublimation
        
        displacement
      - EGO PSYCHOLOGISTS
        
        Erikson
        
        amended freud to cover lifespan
        
        psychosocial conflicts throughout life (have to resolve one before you can move onto the next
        
        Anna Freud
        
        conscious ego v. unconcious v. superego
      - extending psychodynamic theories...
        
        object relations theory
        
        person's mind and sense of self develop in regard to the object around them
    - - Maslow
        
        hierarchy of needs
      - Carl Rogers
        
        dep. on parents behavior, Childs self worth is based on
        
        conditions of worth
        
        unconditional positive regard
      - holistic, dispositional, phenomenological
    - - Allport
        
        trait: pattern of thought/emotion/behvaior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations
      - Cattell
        
        16 factors
      - Eysenck
        
        dimensional theory
        
        extraversion
        
        neuroticism
        
        psychotism
      - big 5 (ocean)
  - - - different metric for each person
      - individual
    - - focused on common characteristics among all people
      - same metric to compare all people