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Ancient Civilization :blue_heart: - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilization :blue_heart:
Mesopotamia :
Location: In the text it said that the Greeks called the area of Mesopotamia, which means "between the rivers."Also, in the text, it states that "most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern Iraq." (Steele 6)
Writing: The text states that people in Ancient Mesopotamia, people used cuneiform as an early form of writing. The text also states "The Sumerians devised the worlds first script of writing system" (Steele 12)
Architecture: On page 24, it states that "A lasting symbol of Mesopotamia is the ziggurat, a massive terraced platform made of brick." The text also states "It represented a mountain, stretching from Earth to the heavens." (Steele 24)
Religion: On page 14, it states "The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses." Which means that they were polytheistic. The text also states "They believed that the stars traveling across the night sky were the cows of Sin or Nanna, the horned Moon god." (Steele 14)
Government: The author wrote that "City-state rulers were honoured with various titles, such as en (lord), ensi (governor), or lugal (king). The text also states that the Sumerian's name for their land meant "land of the civilized lords." (Steele 10)
Art:
Ancient Egypt
Location: In the text it states "Desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt," and this was called the "Red Land." The text also states that for thousands of years, the population of Egypt has depended on its fertile agricultural resources. (Hart 8)
Writing: The author wrote that hieroglyphs are an elaborate form of picture writing. The text also states "It was deliberately kept complicated so not too many people could master it." (Hart 34)
Architecture: The author wrote that "The pyramids were intended to protect the bodies of the pharaohs buried deep inside of them." The text also states that "It was supposed to represent a gigantic stairway for the king to climb to join the Sun god in the sky." (Hart 20)
Religion: The author wrote that "The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses, and sometimes it is difficult to work out who was who."The text also states that 'each of the 42 different administrative nomes had its own god, and there were many others besides.'(Hart 24)
Government: On page 10, the text states "The king was not only the most powerful and important man in Egypt - he was thought to be a god." This text evidence proves how much the citizens of Ancient Egypt respected their kings. The text also states that Pharaohs were trained for battle incase he needed to be a war leader. This text evidence proves that they trusted their Pharaohs so much that they thought they would be fit for a war leader. (Hart 10)
Art: On page 50, the text states "People were entertained with singing and music for flutes, harps, and castanets." The text also states that the Egyptians celebrated music day and night and that it is a large part of their culture. (Hart 50)
Ancient China
Technology :iphone: I found on page 24 that the text states, "There was a great demand for paper from the Han civil service." Paper was first made out of silk rags. The text states, "By the end of the Tang dynasty, bookshops were trading in every chinese city." (Cotterell pg. 24)
Commerce (trading) :arrows_counterclockwise:
Writing :pencil2: On page 11, it states "The Shang's kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits in important matters." Another piece of evidence states "Answers from the important questions were answered from the cracks on the oracle. The oracle bones were inscribed on ox bone and tortoise shell." (Cotterell pg. 11)
Location :city_sunset: The author wrote on page 6, "China is the world's oldest continuous civilization from 221 b.c to A.D 1912." The text also states "China's social structure played a key role in maintaining its national stability." (Cotterell pg.6)
Art :lower_left_paintbrush: According to page 58, the text states, "Chinese rulers controlled the supply of raw materials and ran government factories manned by skill. Lower class civilians also produced tools for agriculture as well as weapons for the army. The text states,"In imperial China, luxury goods formed the major export."
Religion: On page 12, it states "Confucius believed that the early years of the Zhou dynasty were the golden years of social harmony." Confucius also thought a great ruler should set examples for their subjects. The text states, "Subjects had a duty to respect and obey their ruler." (Cotterell pg.12)
Government :man_in_business_suit_levitating: According to page 16, the author wrote, "To show his supremacy over the other kings he had vanquished." The emperor along with his subjects believed he would be immortal but he didn't live forever. The text also states, "He used his subjects as slave labourers to build the Great Wall of China." (Cotterell pg. 16)
Indus River Valley/Ayrans
Location-
Writing- In the text it states scientists have still not figured out if this writing is considered proper writing. The text also states "Over 400 symbols have been uncovered from different locations." In conclusion, scientists and scholars still can't identify if the symbols are real or not. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Religion- In the text the author wrote "Much of what we know about them today also came from sacred writing called the Vedas." The text also discusses how Vedas are primarily religious however, they also depict the victorious triumphs of the Aryans and their invasion of India.
Architecture and Technology- The author wrote "The advanced architecture and construction techniques of the Indus cities are also shown with impressive dockyard, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls." Also the author states that the walls that were built were made for protecting them from floods, and many more. In conclusion, for their time the walls they built were very advanced. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Government- The text states that sometime around 1500 BC. they developed a system called varnas that show Brahmin at the top (those who are priests and academics) and Sudras (Commoners, peasants, servants) at the bottom. The text also states " The caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas."
