Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit Two: Ancient Civilization - Coggle Diagram
Unit Two: Ancient Civilization
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6, it said that "from around 3500 BCE, the first cities, states, and empires arose." Mesopotamia includes different regions like mountains and reed-filled wetlands. (Steele)
Writing: On page 12, it said "By around 3300 BCE the citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols, or pictographs." This was the first form of writing ever made. (Steele)
Architecture: On page 24, it said "Ziggurats looked similar to stepped pyramids of ancient Egypt, which were used as royal tombs, but they served a different purpose." The ziggurats were thought of as dwelling places for the gods. (Steele)
Religion: The author wrote "Enki, the god of water and wisdom, was thought to live in an underground ocean called the Apsu. Enlil was thought of as the main god and father of all other gods. (Steele)
Government: On page 10, it says "Sumerian leaders claimed to rule by the will of gods and therefore had to perform certain religious duties." They were monotheistic, and it played a big part in their government. (Steele)
Art: On page 28, it says "Some time before 3500 BCE, they invented the potter's wheel, which made pottery production far more efficient." They had been molding clay since 8000 BCE. (Steele)
Ancient Egypt
Writing: On page 34, it says "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." Only scribes could write hieroglyphs. (Hart)
Religion: The text says "The Egyptians worshiped many gods and goddesses, and sometimes it is difficult to work out who was who." They believed in many gods, making them polytheistic. (Hart)
Location: On page 8, the text says "The Egyptians lived on the banks of the Nile River or beside canals extending from it." This was called the Black Land. (Hart)
Architecture: On page 20, it says "The first pyramid was built as the burial place of king Djoser in c. 2650 BCE, by his gifted architect Imhotep." It was called the Step Pyramid.(Hart)
Art: The text says "Egyptian jewelers had access to many semiprecious stones from the deserts- orange-red carnelian, green feldspar, and mauve amethyst." They used jewels on many of their jewelry. (Hart)
Government: On page 66, the text says "During this unstable period of Egyptian history there were many temporary kings." This time period spanned from 2181 to 2125 BCE. (Hart)
Writing: On page 11, it said the Shang kings used oracle bones to answer questions about important matters. "The cracks were then read to discover the answer to a question put to the ancestors." As a result, people would write down questions and answers on the oracle bone. (Cotterell)
Government: On page 16, the text tells us that Emperor Qin became the emperor by defeating enemies and uniting the empire. The text also states "He used his subjects as slave laborers to build the Great Wall and suppressed anyone who disagreed with him." This proves that he could be harsh and strict during his rule. (Cotterell, 16)
Art: On page 16, the text states, "No two soldiers have the same face - each is an individual portrait of a soldier from the Qin army." This shows that Emperor Qin cared about these soldiers so much that he put excruciating detail into each of their faces. The text also tells us that Qin had these soldiers made to help him in the afterlife. (Cotterell, 16)
Technology: On page 22 it states "Some of the world's greatest inventions came from China." It shows they invented gunpowder, the magnetic compass, and paper money. All of these inventions affect the world we live in today. (Cotterell)
Religion: On page 12, it says that Confucius had many ideals that shaped the Chinese people's beliefs. He believed in having great bonds with family, and to respect your ancestors. These beliefs are still practiced in China today. (Cotterell,12)
Commerce (Trade): On page 58, the text says "Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk, spices, teas, porcelain, and lacquerware." The Mongols allowed merchants to trade without problems. International trade flourished at this time because the merchants could travel freely. (Cotterell)
Location: On page 38, the text states, "China is dominated by two great rivers, the Yellow River in northern China and the Yangzi in the south." Because of this, people used these rivers and their rich soil to farm. The text also tells us that the two rivers were connected by the Grand Canal, which was used to transport rice. (Cotterell, 38)
Indus River Valley
Location: The text says "Around 5,000 years ago, a civilization developed along the Indus River alluvial plain (floodplain), in South Asia, due to the large amount of fertile land and proximity to a water source. Over time, a vast number of settlements were built on the banks of the Indus River and surrounding areas. " In the 1920's, archaeologists found remains of these settlements." (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Writing: Writing: The text tells us that the Ancient Aryan writing system is still a mystery to us, so it can be hard to gather information about them. The text states, "Whatever the case, the lack of decipherable texts means that we can gain no real insight into many of the details of Indus society as well as little about its government and politics." This shows that because their writing system was so difficult to decipher, we can't yet learn from it. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Architecture/Technology: The text says " Also, within many homes, some rooms had facilities in which waste water was directed to cover drains and these lined the major streets. This was VERY advanced for the time." The Indus used drains to get rid of waste, which is an idea we still use today. (Prentice Hall: Word Studies)
Religion: The Aryans believed in Brahmanism.
Their sacred text was the Vedas, which also tell stories of the Aryans achievements The text states "The Vedas are mostly religious texts, but they also described famous victories of the Aryans as they invaded India." (Prentice Hall- Word Studies)
Government: Government: The text tells us that Aryans had a very strict and structured class structure. The text states, "A caste is a social group in which people are born and they cannot change. The caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas." This shows that the Aryans had a class structure that was divided into varnas. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
