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Unit two: Ancient Civilization - Coggle Diagram
Unit two: Ancient Civilization
Mesopotamia
Location
: On page 6, it said that "from around 3500 BCE, the first cities, states, and empires arose." Mesopotamia includes different regions like mountains and reed-filled wetlands. (Steele)
Writing
: On page 12 it said "The Sumerians devised the world's first script or writing system." And near 3300 BCE they had over 700 different pictographs. (Steele)
Architecture
: In the text it said "Ziggurats looked similar to the stepped pyramids of ancient egypt." They also put offerings on the top of the Ziggurats for the gods to come down and take them. (Steele 24)
Religion
: In the text it said that the Sumerians worshipped multiple gods, which means they were polytheistic. They also believed spirits, ghosts, and demons. (Steele 14)
Government
: On page 10 it said "City-state rulers were honored with various titles." Also a lot of the rulers believed that they were king because of the will of gods. (Steele)
Art
: The author wrote that "They were molding clay into simple pots by the eighth millennium." And they were already molding copper into jewelry at the time. (Steele 28)
Ancient Egypt
Location
: On page 8 it said that the Egyptians lived on the "Black Land, named after the rich dark silt on which the farmers grew the crops." Also, the text states that the desert covers over 90% of Egypt, this was called the "Red Land." (Hart)
Writing
: In the text it said that the Egyptians used a complicated writing called Hieroglyphics. Also, the text states that it was meant to be complicated so that people couldn't easily master it. (Hart 34)
Architecture
: On page 20 it said "Doors of granite and false passages were constructed to deter robbers who came in pursuit of the rich offerings buried with the kings." Also, the text states that the pyramids were built as burial places for pharaohs. (Hart)
Religion
: On page 24 it said that "The Egyptians worshiped hundreds if different gods and goddesses," which means they were polytheistic. Also, the text says that many of these gods were represented by animals. (Hart)
Government
: On page 10 it says, "The king was not only the most powerful and important man in egypt--he was thought to be a god. He was known as the Pharaoh." The text also states that woman rarely ever ruled egypt.
Art
: On page 56 it says that Egyptians we're really big on jewelry and gold. But, they had no knowledge of stones like diamonds, emeralds, or rubies. (Hart)
Ancient China
Government
: On page 16, it said that in 221 B.C. the first Chinese empire was formed by Qin Shi Huangdi. Also, the text states that Qin believed that he was immortal, and began to think very highly of himself. As a result, Qin began to treat his people harshly and used his subjects as slaves and made them build the Great Wall and suppressed anyone that disagreed with him. (Cotterell)
Technology
: In the text, it said that over time paper and printing became improved and helped communications. The text also said that the use of gunpowder was improving war tactics. As a result, China encouraged the world in the development of science and technology by trading and people spreading the inventions around. (Cotterell 22)
Writing
: On page 11, it said the Shang kings used oracle bones to answer questions about important matters. Also, it states that "the cracks were then read to discover the answer to a question put to the ancestors." As a result, people would write down questions and answers on the oracle bone. (Cotterell)
Art
: In the text it says that, "During this period Sun Zi wrote 'The Art of War,' the world's oldest military handbook, which gave advice to nobles on the practice of warfare." Also, the Zhou dynasty was declined because of the long periods of warfare. Warfare caused a lot of things to decline because of how serious it was sometimes. (Cotterell 14)
Location
: On page 40, that author wrote that "the landscape of imperial China ws dotted with walled towns and cities." It also explains that these towns were traditionally built with a grid system and separated into wards, and that these towns and cities were strictly under the control of authorities. As a result, the gates of these towns and cities were locked every evening and the authorities keep registers of the inhabitants of every house. (Cotterell)
Religion
: On page 12, it said that when Confucius recognized the uprisings or turmoil, he began to spread his new moral outlook. Also, it states that his moral outlook was "based on kindness, respect, and the strength of the family." As a result, the Chinese began to follow his moral and it eventually turned into a kind of religion for the Chinese (Cotterell)
Commerce (Trade)
: In the text it said that the Mongols could control the length of the silk road and made it safe for caravans to travel without danger. Also, it states that "Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods." As a result, trade in Ancient China thrived and imports were extremely valuable. (Cotterell 58)
Indus River Valley
Location
: In the text it says, "The Indus Valley region was a region rich in fertile soil, ideal for agriculture." Also, it's surrounded by very tall mountains, long treacherous deserts, and very deep oceans. And, in the 1920s, we discovered the remains of 4,000 year old cities beneath layers of land in the Indus Valley Region. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Writing
: In the text it says, "One of the most confusing aspects of this ancient civilization is that the writing cannot be deciphered." Also, many of their writing or symbols have been printed on seals, ceramic pots,and many other things. And, many scientists wonder if it is even part of a real writing system. (Prentice hall : world studies)
Architecture/Technology
: The article explains that "the people during this time cared deeply about hygiene, and their cities resembled the importance of this idea." Also, their creations were very advanced at the time, and they even had facilities where waste water was guided to cover drains. And, the cities were very well planned and the walls outlining them were thought to protect the people from floods. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Religion
: In the text it says, "much of what we know about them today also came from sacred writing called the Vedas," which is thought to be a form of religious texts. Also, The religion of the ancient Aryans is called Brahmanism, which much later shaped the religion, Hinduism. These two religions share many rituals and are extremely similar. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
Government
: As the picture shows In the indus valley region they had the priest and academics were placed higher in the government pyramid than the merchants.In the text it says,¨Most of what we know about them today came from sacred writing called Vedas. Also The Vedas is mostly religious text,But they also described famous accomplishments. (Prentice hall: world studies)
