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Unit 2 Ancient Civilization - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2 Ancient Civilization
Mesopotamia
Location: In the text it said the Greeks called the area of Mesopotamia, Which means
"between the rivers." Also in the text it states that "most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern iraq." (Steele 6)
Writing: Writing is one of the key factors that helped bring all of Mesopotamia together. In the text, it states that, "At first they used picture symbols to represent items such as cattle, grain, or fish" (Steele 12). But before the cuneiform was even created, it was not writers or geographers who created these ancient words, but it was accountants. In the book, it says, "By around 3300 BCE, the citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols, or pictographs." (steele 12)
Architecture: on page 24 it says that "a lasting symbol of ancient Mesopotamia is the ziggurat, a massive terraced platform made of brick."
(Steele 24)
Religion: In the book it states that "The Sumerians worshipped many gods and goddesses." (Steele 14) They believed that the god of water named Enki, lived in an underground ocean called Apsu. They also created a sculpture of a dragon on the Ishtar Gate. The book reads that "It was the symbol of the creator god Marduk" (Steele 14)
Government: On page 10 it said that sumerians kings claimed to rule by the wall of the gods. There was a very large kings list. (that shown in the images.) the rulers were hed of the military there was a ruler for each city-state.witch means a lot of rulers.
(Steel) 10
Art was a key piece in unlocking the true nature and culture of ancient Mesopotamia. When it came to art and sculptures, then the Mesopotamians could not be beat. In the book it states that, Art on page 24 wiggum looks similar to the sted pyramids) last symbol of ancient mesoa tenens
Ancient Egypt
Location: In the text it said that in ancient egypt, " desert covers more than 90 percent of egypt," and this was called the "red land."Also the text states that for thousands of years the population of egypt has depended on its fertile agricultural resources.
Writing: Next to the pyramids, the Sphinx and mummies, one of the most intriguing discoveries from ancient Egyptian civilization is a form of writing that appears like stylized pictures of people, animals and objects.
Architecture : On page 20 it said that the first pyramids was built as the bural place of king djoser in c2650 bce by his gifted archict. Also in the thex it said rich offerings with the kings were robbed of their contents. (Hart 20)
Government: The Egyptian government was considered a sort of theocracy, as the pharaoh was given political and religious powers. In the text it states that, "When people approached the king, they often kissed the ground at his feet." This shows us that the king had absolute power, and the people worshipped him as a sort of deity. Though the king could not hold the throne without assistance, he appointed many skilled scribes to help him in ruling the kingdom. The king also had some of the best utensils and furniture decorating his great castle. The text said that, "The pharos used the best utensils and cosmetic containers, whicher were buried in their tombs for use in the next world."
Religion: On page 24 it said that "the Egyptians worshiped hundreds of gods and godesses, and sometimes it is difficult to work out who was who. Another example is they had many gods that loved animals.
Arts While today we marvel at the glittering treasures from the tomb of Tutankhamun, the sublime reliefs in New Kingdom tombs, and the serene beauty of Old Kingdom statuary, it is imperative to remember that the majority of these works were never intended to be seen—that was simply not their purpose.
Ancient china
writing: on page 11 it said that the shang kings used oracle bones to communicate with ancestors about questions. Also it states that "cracks were then read to discover the answers to a question put to the ancestors." The answers to the questions were written on the ox bone or tortoiseshell.
religion: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were the three main philosophies and religions of ancient China, which have individually and collectively influenced ancient and modern Chinese society.
art: In ancient China, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles and were produced almost exclusively by amateurs, aristocrats and scholar-officials who alone had the leisure to perfect the technique and sensibility necessary for great brushwork.
architecture: Ancient Chinese architecture includes palaces, city walls, temples, pagodas, and houses. Their architectural styles varied with purpose. The main three types were imperial administration buildings, traditional residences, and religious buildings.
location: Ancient China developed in east Asia along the Yangtze River and Yellow River. Unlike the other early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley, ancient China was surrounded by natural barriers that kept them isolated from the western world.
government: China's government was an absolute monarchy, where the emperor had unquestioned, unregulated, and unchallenged authority. The emperor's word was law. China's imperial period began in the 3rd century BCE, but even before this the kings of China ruled in very similar ways.
Indus River Valley / Aryans
location: Around 5,000 years ago, a civilization developed along the Indus River alluvial plain (floodplain), in South Asia, due to the large amount of fertile land and proximity to a water source. Over time, a vast number of settlements were built on the banks of the Indus River and surrounding areas.
religion: Much of what we know about them today also came from sacred writing called the Vedas. The Vedas are mostly religious texts, but they also described famous victories of the Aryans as they invaded India. The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism. Both religions have much in common and share many rituals.
architecture/tech: The people within the Indus Valley created well-planned cities. Specifically, the people during this time cared deeply about hygiene, and their cities resembled the importance of this idea. These early cities show remnants of the world's earliest sanitation system.
government: The Aryan civilization had a large impact on modern-day India society. For example, one Aryan influence on modern-day India was the development of the caste system. A caste is a social group in which people are born and they cannot change. The caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas. People were divided based on wealth and occupation. The four classes are below:
writing:One of the most confusing aspects of this ancient civilization is that the writing cannot be deciphered. Over 400 symbols have been uncovered from different locations. Many of the symbols are located on seals, ceramic pots, and other types of materials.
