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unit two: ancient civilizations - Coggle Diagram
unit two: ancient civilizations
Mesopotamia
location In the text it said that "the ancient greeks called it Mesopotamia " which in their language means between the rivers. The ruins of Mesopotamia now lies in modern day Iraq. (Steele 6
writing In the text it says that they used objects to press into soft pieces of clay to make symbols. These symbols each had a different meaning and there were about 700 different symbols that each meant something different. (Steele 12)
architecture The text says that ziggurats were made out of brick and represented a mountain stretching from the earth to the heavens. The ziggurats also looked like the pyramids of ancient Egypt but were used for a different purpose. (Steele 24)
Religion In the text it said that the mesopotamian people worshiped gods and believed that stars traveling in the night were the cows of sins. They also believed in spirits and ghosts and they used buildings called ziggurats to worship their main gods. (Steele 14)
government The text says that Mesopotamia had city-state rulers and they were honored with great titles like as en which means lord, ensi which means governor, and lugal which means king. Some kings were so legendary and good rulers that they were entangled in all kinds of myths. Kings were also supposed to be builders of great cites and brave military commanders. (Steele 10)
art In the text it says that in an early point in history the mesopotamians created pots out of molding clay and later in history they invented the potters wheel. The text also says that metal workers were mixing tin with copper to create a tough alloy called bronze. (Steele 28)
ancient egypt
location: On page 8 it says that the Egyptians lived on banks of the Nile because the desert covers 90 percent of Egypt. They also lived along canals and the desert could only support small settlements due to the amount of resources they had. (Hart 8)
writing: In the text it says that the writing used by Egyptians was hieroglyphs. It also says that only scribes were masters in the written language. (Hart 34)
architecture:In the text it says that the first ever pyramid was actually built for king Djoser back in 2650 bce and is called the step pyramid due to its 6 stages. The pyramids that the Egyptians made were made out of limestone and dester bedrock and they had chambers and galleries in them. (Hart 20)
religion: On page 24 it says that the Egyptians were polytheistic and they worshiped hundreds of gods and goddesses and many of the gods were represented by animals.Some of the gods they worshipped are Khonsu and Thoth.(Hart 24)
government: In the text it says that the king was not the most powerful in ancient Egypt instead they had pharaohs which meant a great house. It also says that the pharaoh was also known as a living god and the queen was also sometimes referred to as a god. (Hart 10)
art: In the text it says that the Egyptians were lovers of beauty and they went to great lengths to adorn themselves in cosmetics. It also says that they used stuff like wigs, floral garlands, fine linen and combs to make themselves look good. (Hart 58)
Ancient China
writing: On page 11 it said that the shang kings used oracle bones to answer questions about important matters. Also on page 11 it says that "the cracks were then read to discover the answer to a question put to the ancestor". As a result people would write down questions and answers on the oracle bone. (Cotterell)
technology: On page 22 it says that some of the greatest inventions in the world came from China. Also on this page it says "Chinese inventions that made the world a different place were paper money, clockwork, silk, porcelain, fireworks, kites, umbrellas, and the wheelbarrow. In conclusion china has invented some of the most important things in history. (Cotterell 22)
government: On page 16 it says that the Chinese empire began in 221 B.C.. Also on page 16 it says that the first emperor was emperor qin and he was in power from 221 B.C to 207 B.C. In conclusion, the chinese emperor started in 221 B.C and the first emperor was emperor Qin. (Cotterell 16)
Commerce(trade)Commerce (trade):On page 58 it says that they used the silk road to trade many different things.. Also on this page it says "They carried only luxury goods because transport was expensive and difficult." It also says that they rode camels because they were the only ones that could survive the harsh conditions. (Cotterell 58)
Art: On page 56 it says that China made many luxury items and valuables such as Jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain. It also says "Unlike the merchants who sold their handiwork, Artisans were well thought of in China." Artisans produced tools and weapons for the country. (Cotterell)
Location: ON page 38 it says that the Yellow river and the Yangtze river flow through the country of China. Also on this page it says that the first Chinese civilisations developed around these rivers. It also says that river banks often broke causing devastating floods. (Cotterell 38)
Religion: On page 12 it says that confucius developed a new moral that was based on kindness and respect. Also on this page it says "He said that a good ruler should set an example by dealing fairly with his subjects." Confucius also belived that force should only be used as a last resort. (Cotterell)
Indus river valley
government: In the text it says that ancient indians developed a system called the caste system. In the text it says that the caste system divided people into different social classes that they called varnas. Also in the text it says that there were four classes, the brahmins, the kshatriya, the vaishya, and the sudras. ( Prentice hall: world studies)
religion:In the text it says "The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism". The text also says that both hinduism and brahmanism have a ton in common and even share some of the same rituals. It also says that they used a text called verdes which was mostly used for their religion. ( Prentice hall: world studies)
architecture/technology: In the text it says that the people of ancient India created well planned cities and cared deeply about their hygiene. Also in the text it says that ancient Indian cities show some of the worlds first sanitation systems.Also in the text it says within many homes, some rooms had facilities in which waste water was directed to cover drains and these lined the major streets. This was VERY advanced for the time" which means that the ancient Indians were some of the most advanced people in the world. ( Prentice hall: world studies)
writing:In the text it says that the writing in ancient India can't be deciphered and that there has been over 400 symbols uncovered in different places. It also says that many of the symbols that have been uncovered have been found on seals, ceramic pots, and some other materials. It also says that due to a lack of decipherable text means that we can gain no real insight of the indus river society.( Prentice hall: world studies)
location:In the text it says that a civilization was built along the indus river around 5000 years ago. Also in the text it says that a vast number of settlements were built along the Indus river because it had fertile land and proximity to a water source. It also says that the indus river goes through Pakistan and the Northwestern part of modern day India.(Prentice hall:world studies)
