These have to happen for the primary precepts to be fulfilled

Is wrong, because it goes against the primary precept of preserving human life

Is wrong, because it can lead to improperly educated offspring, and goes against Christianity

An example: Donating to charity (exterior act) should not immediately be considered a good deed if the interior motive is solely to be admired by others and gain popularity

Aquinas believed it was important to use reason to distinguish between real and apparent goods

Whilst an act may seem good in the short-term, you can use reason to come to a conclusion to whether or not it will cause more harm than good in the long term

Example: Adultery may provide short-term pleasures but you can use reason to understand that it can cause more harm (trust issues, poor education of children etc) in the long term and thus should not be done.

Wrong, because it harms others, has poor intent, generally brings about bad

Aquinas came up with the idea of "Natural Moral Law"

He believes there is a natural order to the world that we all must follow, which was created by God.

e.g Abortion acceptable if it is necessary to save the mother's life

Aquinas believed the intention was important when judging whether something was ethical

One effect is bad and the other is good. The good must outweigh the bad

Bad effect is foreseen but not intended, it is merely a side effect of achieving the good

A more literal approach to NML taken by the Catholic Church