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chapter 8: atoms and molecules - Coggle Diagram
chapter 8: atoms and molecules
atoms
An atom is the smallest particle of an element, that has the properties of the element.
All matter is made up of atoms.
All atoms of an element are identical. However, atoms of one element are different from one another.
size of an atom
An atom has an average diameter of 0.0000000001 m.
how is it represented?
Atoms of the elements are represented using chemical symbol
structure of an atom
An atom is made up of subatomic particles:
protons (+1)
neutrons (0)
electrons (-1)
molecules
A molecule is made up of two or more atoms chemically combined together.
water (h20)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
molecules of elements
A group of elements is made up of a fixed number of one type of atom chemically combined together.
molecules of compounds
A molecule of compound is made up of a fixed number of one or more different atoms chemically combined together.
chemical fomula
A chemical formula tells us the types of atoms and the number of each type of atom in one molecule of substances
Proton number
The proton number, also known as the atomic number, of an atom refers to the number of protons in the atom. (the number that has a smaller value/number at the top)
nucleon number
The nucleon number, also known as the mass number/relative atomic mass, of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom. (number with the bigger value/number at the bottom )
*nucleon number = no. of proton number + no. of neutrons
interpreting symbols
an atom is electrically neutral. hence the number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.