HASS History Mind Map
History Key Concepts
The Black Death
Medieval Europe
Feudal System (Hierarchy
Lasted for roughly 1,000 years.
The Church
Battle of Hastings
A battle between the Normans from Normandy, and the Saxons
The Saxons were lead by King Harold
The Normans were lead by William, Duke of Normandy.
Harold was killed with an arrow to the eye.
Lasted for a day
Source
Evidence
Continuity and Change
Cause and Effect
Perspective
A written or non-written materials that provide information on the past
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Examples: •Newspaper •Gravestones •Coins
Secondary sources are sources that have been created after the event has happened.
Primary sources are sources that were written at the same time as the event or during a specific period of time. that is being studied
Evidence is proof that person, place, thing, event or period of time existed. They can be used to back up a hypothesis. Evidence is information that is gained from a source.
Continuity and change explains how society has and hasn't remained the same over time. It can be used to measure progress in specific time periods. Continuity and change can be affected by events that happens over history.
Cause and Effect explains how different actions or events in history have a relationship with their effects. These effects can be short term and long term.
Perspective is basically a person's point of view and can determine how they interpret and understand the events that happen around them. Historians use perspective to see how people in the past may have viewed gender, religion and social positions.
The Crusades
Religious Wars between the Christians and Muslims. :
Occurred in the Middle East, mainly during the beginning of the 11th Century.
8 Major crusades took place between 1086 and 1270
The Crusades ended with a Muslim vicotry.
The most successful Crusade was the first one.
The Europeans benefitted from stealing riches and religious relics during their travels, as well as trading things such as foods.
How Did They Begin?
What are the Crusades?
Who joined the Crusades?
Peasants
They wanted to go on adventure, or escape from their old loves. They also went to get rich.
Most people went to fight for Christianity.
Kings led armies from different Western European regions
Pope Urban II delivered his very influential speech at the Council of Claremont.
The King feared the church and pope.
The King gave 25% of all available land to the church.
It was believed that the King had been put on the throne by God. This is known as 'Divine Right'.
If the King went against the wishes of the Pope, or the rules of Catholicism he could be excommunicated.
The pope was often wealthier than most European Kings.
Christianity and the Catholic church guided almost every aspect of medieval life.
It was the responsibility of the peasants and farmers to pay a tithe to the church.
Crime and Punishment
Crimes
Punishments
Consequences of the Black Death
There were many attacks across Europe from Vikings.
His speech claims that he has a message from God.
He tells the people that Christians have been attacked by the Saracens who are killing them and destroying their property.
The Pope says that living where they currently are is difficult and that they can take the 'Wicked Infidels' land as their own.
Pope Urban explains that if they die in battle they will go to heaven and have all their sins forgiven.
He wants all the Christians no matter their background to take back the holy sites
Positive effects of the Black Death
What is the Black Death?
The black Death was an outbreak of the bubonic plague that lead to the death of 25 million people.
It was caused by a bacteria called Yersinia Pestis.
The Black Death began in Asia and made its way across Europe and Northern Africa through trading routes and on boats
The plague is still around to this day, but can be treated with antibiotics.
The pandemic reached its climax from 1347 to 1351
It was transmitted by fleas on rodents.
The people believed it was a punishment from God
It spread so easily because there was a lack of hygiene.
Symptoms
Fever
Infections
Black dead skin
It can lead to respiratory failure and death.
Wars were temporarily abandoned
New Art and Architecture
End to feudalism
Less power to the church and monarchy
More equality and higher wages
Better medicine and hygiene
Mass Death
Temporary hold on trade
Reduced Agricultural production
Personal suffering and grief
Loss of some knowledge
30-60% of the population died
Began to be treated with antibiotics in 1900
Mortality rate was 30-75%
Reduced labour
What is the Feudal System?
The government or hierarchy of England that was in place before the year 1066.
After Rome fell, Europe had dozens of little kingdoms.
You can take a cut of the livestock and crops that were on the land as well as charge rent to the tenants.
Land was like a currency, the more you got, the more power and wealth you had. It was exchanged for military services and loyalty.
You controlled all the people that lived in your land.
The Pyramid of Power
Monarchy
Lords and Nobles
Knights
Peasants and Serfs
Kings and Queens
Life of Medieval Women
Quality of life depended on the man she married and his position in the pyramid
Women in the Nobility had a range of Responsibilities
In larger towns they took on jobs such as opening a shop or a market stall without permission from their husbands.
Women in fields laboured alongside men
At home, women were subordinate to their fathers and once married, followed the orders of their husbands
Much of the attitude towards women was due to an interpretation of some passages in the bible.
Treason
Petty Theft
Arson
Heresy
Witchcraft
How was Innocence proven?
Hanged, drawn and quartered
Public Humiliation
Burnt at the stake
Banishment
Strangulation
Controlled all the land
Contained Barons, Earls and Dukes.
Secular Knights
Religious Knights
protect the King and Nobility
Protect the church and religious sites.
Followed a code of chivalry
Allowed to wear bright clothes to stand out and show their power.
Wore heavy armour in battle
Had knowledge of song, dance and poetry.
Attended tournaments to show their skills in contests against other knights
Divided into serfs, merchants, craftsman, peasants and farmers.
Serfs weren't slaves, but couldn't be sold
They were bound to the land
Required permission to marry
Merchants and craftsman had special skills and knowledge and traded for food money and services. They had more freedom than serfs.
Peasants and Serfs had the least amount of rights
500 to 1400-1500 CE
Fought alongside the King
Were rewarded with land
Supplied knights for the King
Collects tax
Owned large houses
Strangulation was being strangled around the neck with a hand or rope
Banishment meant that the accused could not return to the land otherwise there would be punishments.
Accused people were tied or stuck to something in public so that the public could yell slurs at them or throw rotting fruit on them
The stake was a big fire where the public would gather. Accused people were thrown onto the fire and burnt alive.
Being hanged drawn and quartered was one of the worst punishments...
Treason was speaking against or having an opinion on the monarchy and the way they run their land. The punishment for Treason was being hanged, drawn and quartered.
Petty theft is when someone steals an item of low or no value. Examples include bread or crops.
Heresy was very similar to treason, except you are speaking against the church. the punishment for Heresy was being burnt at the stake if the person did not repent.
Witchcraft is the practice of abnormal activities or believing in dark magic
Arson is when someone accidentally or deliberately lights a fire that becomes out of control. The punishments were harsh because many buildings were made of flammable materials, and the fires could destroy towns
Poaching
Poaching is when someone hunts fish on someone else's land. The punishments included, hanging, blinding, castration and even being sewn into a deer skin and hunted down by dogs.
Vagrancy
vagrancy is the act of travelling from one place to another. This was punished because being homeless or jobless was illegal. The punishment for vagrancy was being whipped or branded by the person who finds you and claims you as their own.
The clergy
Higher Clergy
Lower Clergy
Included bishops, monks, nuns, and priests who helped the poor.
Were mostly the sons of wealthy nobles.
Had a very comfortable life as leader of churches and congregations.
Contained mostly priests who did work around the village
Jobs included marrying, and burying the dead
Stayed connected to the church and feared the priests.
Made the laws
Trial By Ordeal
Trial by Hot water
Trial by cold water
Also known as cauldron ordeal
Water would be boiled, and an item such as a ring or jewel would be placed at the bottom. The accused person would have to reach in and grab it out.
If the accused didn't get injured, he would be deemed innocent
The accused would be tied and thrown into water. They would be innocent if they sank, guilty if they floated.
Bleeding Ordeal
The accused would have to put their hand on the wound of their victim, and if it blead, they were guilty.
Trial by hot iron
The accused would have to hold a bar of hot iron, and if the wound healed fast, they were deemed innocent.
Trial by Combat
The accused would have to fight a champion to the death