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Social Media and Mental Health in Teens - Coggle Diagram
Social Media and Mental Health in Teens
"Why teens are choosing the app BeReal over Instagram"
Citation:
Chang , Ailsa. “Why Teens Are Choosing the App Bereal over Instagram.” NPR, NPR, 2 June 2022. Accessed on Sep. 26, 2022
CREDIBILITY OF SOURCE
This teen has experienced social media as a teenager and has been on Instagram. She has used BeReal and has noticed a difference in how teenagers show themselves. This source also includes quotes from a professor at UCLA that teaches psychology and does research on how social media affects teens and adolescents.
DIRECT QUOTES
“Apps like Instagram and TikTok, where influencer culture thrives, can harm teens mental health, with teens constantly comparing themselves to the bodies and styles of professional models” (paragraph 8)
“I applaud anything that helps young people understand that a filtered approach to life is not is not a authentic and healthy approach to life” (paragraph 11)
“An app that pushes people to share photos of what they’re really doing and what they really look like is a welcome development” (paragraph 10)
MAIN IDEAS
BeReal is more authentic with not filters or editing
These two sources both talk about how social media can create a community. I will state that some social media platforms show the real person without filters and that can help people feel more comfortable on apps.
There is hardly any comparison and it shows real life in real time
There is no “performance” on this app
SPECIFIC POINTS TO ARGUE
It doesn’t have filters or ads and creates a community where people do not feel judge for being their true self
It shows people in real time because they are not prepared for when the notification goes off
It is an outlet for teens to show their true self
"More Than Memes: Social Media to Cope With Mental Health"
Citation:
Browne, Jadell. “More than Memes: Social Media to Cope with Mental Health.” Jadell Browne: More Than Memes: Social Media to Cope with Mental Health | TED Talk.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqaR26a5n88&t=251s
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CREDIBILITY OF SOURCE
Jadell Browne was a junior in high school when she gave this ted talk. She lived through the pandemic and was challenged with online school. She noticed how during these times that people were using social media as an outlet to express themselves. She seems to know first hand what teens faced during the pandemic and how they used social media, especially TikTok, to escape reality and cope with mental health.
MAIN IDEAS
Teens use social media to escape reality and connect with one another
Teens use social media as a break from the stress of schoolwork
The use of this type of social media allows for others to connect and relate to one another as teens are going through similar things
SPECIFIC POINTS
During the pandemic, mental health of teens took a toll as they had to do online school. They used social media as a positive in their life to express themselves and gave them something to look forward to after doing school work all day.
DIRECT QUOTES
“Music, art, and dance are effective ways teenagers use to cope with their mental health struggles” (0:48)
One source talks about how starting on social media at a young age can be helpful. The other source talks about how you can use social media to cope with mental health. I will talk about how it can be beneficial to start young so teens can be comfortable with social media so they can have an escape from reality.
“Social media has good aspects that allow teenagers to connect with each other and help” (3:58)
“Art has been known to help with anxiety. It’s a great way to relieve emotions and express feelings and social media is a crucial outlet that lets teens share their artwork with each other.” (4:10)
"Social Media and Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Sweden: A Longitudinal Study With 2-Year Follow Up"
Citation:
Beeres, Dorien Tecla, et al. “Social Media and Mental Health among Early Adolescents in Sweden: A Longitudinal Study with 2-Year Follow-up (Kupol Study).” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 68, no. 5, 2021, pp. 953–960.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.042
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MAIN IDEAS
Research Study: Consisted of 3.501 adolescents that were 14-15 years old. They are from both private and public schools. They measured an average of social media use in a day and then used a questionnaire to determine mental health.
The research found both positive and negative effects on social media.
They looked for internalizing problems (inner self) and externalizing problems (self with others) and how social media affected both of those.
SPECIFIC POINTS
I will argue that longer social media use can cause mental health problems. Other factors besides social media use can cause damage to mental health, however social media use can be an escape from those problems. I will use the argument that social media may be an indicator rather than a risk factor.
DIRECT QUOTES
"This extensive social media use has been linked to various mental health outcomes among adolescents, including reduced or enhanced self-esteem, reduction or expansion of social networks, decrease in loneliness, and increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms." (page 2 of PDF)
Both of these sources talk about how the longer you spend on social media, the higher you are at risk for having depression.
"Common internalizing problems seen in adolescents are depressive symptoms and anxiety, while examples of common externalizing problems seen in adolescents are inattention and hyperactivity." (page 2 of PDF)
"Activities related to social comparison might be negatively associated with well-being, while activities related to contact with close friends that enhance social networks might be positively associated with well-being." (page 2 of PDF)
CREDABILITY
This source was published to the Journal of Adolescent Health. There are four authors and they all have credentials in this field. Two authors come from the Department of Global Public Health in Sweden. Two authors work in a center for epidemiology and community medicine. One author works for a university in the department of clinical child and family studies.
“Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose-Response Meta Analysis”
CREDIBILITY
This source includes six authors and it had four academic editors listed. These authors all seem credible as they work at universities and research centers. The authors that work at a university work in the department of physcology or the department of sociology. These two subjects can be connected to this topic as this topic focuses on depression and how it can be rooted from social media.
DIRECT QUOTES
“The risk of depression increased by 13% for each hour increase in social media use in adolescents” (page 1)
“Notably, an increase in depression has emerged in adolescence, particularly in adolescent girls, over the past ten years. Social media use has also been increasing rapidly at the same time. Thus, it is necessary to obtain insight into the association between TSSM and depression in adolescents” (page 2).
“Our findings reveal that adolescents with higher daily TSSM (time spent on social media) had a 59.6% increase in terms of the risk of depression when compared with the reference group. (page 12)
MAIN IDEAS
This study focused more on gender and how time spent on social media may increase the risk of depression. Strains could also have an effect on time spent on social media and these are caused by negative life events.
This study showed a higher increase in depression in girls than in boys.
A comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the relationship between time spent on social media and depression in adolescents. This research took place in January of 2022 and there were a total of 55,340 participants. The age range was 11-19 year olds. More time spent on social media showed a significant association with higher risk of depression symptoms.
SPECIFIC POINTS
I will argue that the longer you spend time on social media, the risk of having depression increases. I will also argue that there has been a notable increase in social media usage and how this can affect adolescents' risk of getting depression. This source is an example of how social media can have a negative effect on an adolescent's mental health.
CITATION- Liu, Mingli, et al. “Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 9, 2022, p. 5164.,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095164
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"How social media affects teens' mental health and well-being" with Linda Charmaraman, PhD
Citation:
TheAPAVideo. “How Social Media Affects Teens' Mental Health and Well-Being, with Linda Charmaraman, Phd.” YouTube, YouTube, 10 Nov. 2021,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmPlYqD-Ayg
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CREDIBILITY
Credibility- Linda Charmaraman is a senior research scientist and is a director of the youth media and well being research lab. She studies the social media use of young people. She is doing a 3 year research about how social media can affect middle schoolers during growth and development. She has written several book chapters and journal articles and is largely quoted in the media. The American Psychological Association posted this podcast and they are the leading organization representing psychology in the United States.
MAIN IDEAS
This podcast talks about how girls and boys differentiate between mental health effects on social media. Girls experience more social comparison, not just on their bodies, and that can lead to feeling more vulnerable. Boys experience mental health effects through their video games and competing with one another.
LGBTQ youth uses social media to connect with other LGBTQ members. They use social media as an image of how their life might turn out and how they can connect with others. Tumblr is a platform that they use to express their identities and it can be a safe space for them as well.
This podcast talked about how there is a positive aspect in starting on social media earlier. When you start younger, you are more likely to gain a bigger following and you join groups and communities earlier on. If you were to start at 14, you are behind on joining a community and may feel hesitant to join because people have been in there much longer than you. You did not grow those behaviors that may help you in those communities and have the social support that you might need. They may feel more pressure to keep up with everyone and everything online.
DIRECT QUOTES
“Mostly, about 80 percent of people have primarily positive and connecting experiences and socially supportive experiences.” (6:03)
“One positive thing about starting early on social media that we found in our studies is that they are more likely to know about the positive behaviors and socially supportive behaviors that are a part of being a part of a community.” (15:54)
“The younger that they are, the more likely they are to have more online harassment happen because they have been on it longer, they have more followers.” (15:16)
SPECIFIC POINTS TO ARGUE
I will argue that although some teens suffer from social comparison on social media, it can be an outlet for some teens to connect with others who are similar to them. I will also argue that there is a benefit to starting on social media early on because it gets you connected and you do not feel as many social pressures since you are already in a community.
"Is Social Media Threatening Teens' Mental Health and Well-Being?"
Citation:
“Is Social Media Threatening Teens' Mental Health and Well-Being?” Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 22 Apr. 2022,
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/social-media-threatening-teens-mental-health-and-well-being
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CREDIBILITY
Credibility- Columbia University published this article. In the article, they mention they spoke with Anne Marie Albano, PhD. She is the director of the Columbia University Clinic for Anxiety and Related Disorders. She is also a professor of medical psychology and can explain how harmful social media can be and how to use it in a healthier way. With these credentials, she has authority to talk about this topic because she has done thorough research.
MAIN POINTS
DIRECT QUOTES
“There are youth, especially those with social anxiety or depression, who may have a tendency to spend more time online and reduce their real, face-to-face contact with other folks.” (paragraph 3).
Engaging in the world around you and having social interaction with others help to develop a sense of being part of a community and doing things that enhance your feelings of competency around other people.” (paragraph 7)
“Isolation, especially isolation where you are in a world of watching Netflix, scrolling Instagram, or gaming, will increase anxiety, and this sensation of unreality, which can give you a false sense of the way the world really works.” (paragraph 9)
Kids with anxiety tend to spend more time online than having face to face interactions. If someone is not engaging in the world in a healthy way and instead is on social media, they are increasing the risk of feeling isolated and hopeless.
The “culture to comparison” mindset can be damaging because they are anxious about fitting in. This feeling can lead to depression, anxiety, and suicide.
The more you are online, the higher chance you are of being bullied or harassed.
Both of these sources talk about how the longer you are on social media, the higher you are at risk for being harassed or bullied.
SPECIFIC POINTS TO ARGUE
I will argue that social media is threatening the lives of adolescents and their well being. The longer they spend on social media, the higher the chance they are at risk of feeling isolated and becoming depressed. I will also argue how social isolation gives you a false sense of the world and how it might be too harmful or dangerous.
"Social media and adolescent mental health: the good, the bad, and the ugly"
Citation:
O’Reilly, Michelle. “Social Media and Adolescent Mental Health: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.” Journal of Mental Health, vol. 29, no. 2, 2020, pp. 200–206.,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1714007
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MAIN POINTS
This study consisted of adolescents that were between the ages of eleven to eighteen. There were eight focus groups for this research and six groups consisted of adolescents and the other two groups consisted of mental health practitioners.
This research found the good, bad, and ugly side to social media. They found that social media can be a great resource for connecting with one another. However, they also found that social media can include trolling and bullying.
The researchers found that including more positive attributes of social media into our lives can help our mental health. They stated that social media is only becoming more prevalent in our society, so we should embrace it instead of focusing so much on the negative slides of it.
These two sources both explain that there is a positive attribute to social media. They show that teens are able to create a sense of community on social media.
SPECIFIC POINTS TO ARGUE
I will argue that there is both a good and bad side to social media. I will argue that social media can be beneficial in connecting others in an efficient way. I will argue that social media can have people that troll others and lead people to believe that they are not worth it which leads to depression and suicide. I also want to argue that social media can harm and protect their well being and provide people with valuable information.
CREDIBILITY
Michelle O’Reilly works in the Communication in Mental Health at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. This journal article was published in June of 2019 which makes it a very recent study that helps us understand what is happening today. Her research seems to be very thorough and legit which makes this source credible.
DIRECT QUOTES
“For adolescents, social media and Internet use are almost ubiquitous. In the UK, 83% have a smartphone and 99% go online for at least 21 hours per week.” (page 1)
“This human need for connectivity was oriented to across groups as both adolescents and practitioners reported on the potential benefits of social media to reduce isolation, improve social skills and provide a platform for continued communication.” (page 3).
“Externalized issues like bullying were also considered alongside internalized issues such as self-harm and suicidal ideation, which are argued to be directly connected to social media. (page 4)
"Teens and social media: What's the impact?"
Citation:
“How to Help Your Teen Navigate Social Media.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 26 Feb. 2022,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teens-and-social-media-use/art-20474437
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CREDIBILITY
Mayo Clinic is a common website and source people use to get reliable information. This source talks about both the positive and negative effects social media can have so there is no bias toward one side. This source also gives advice on how to protect your teen from the harms of social media. This is a reliable source because it shows accurate information and gives helpful tips to the reader.
DIRECT QUOTES
“Social media allows teens to create online identities, communicate with others, and build social networks.” (paragraph 2)
“Social media use can also negatively affect teens by distracting them, disrupting their sleep, and exposing them to bullying, rumor spreading, unrealistic views of other people’s lives and peer pressure.” (paragraph 4)
“ This can result in teens being bullied, harassed or even blackmailed. Teens often create posts without considering these consequences or privacy concerns.” (paragraph 9)
MAIN IDEAS
This article talks about the benefits of social media on teens. They state that teens are able to connect with others and form an online identity. They also use it for entertainment and to hear about current events. It can also serve as valuable support for teens.
This article talks about the harms that surround social media. It can distract them, disturb their sleeping patterns, and be exposed to harmful things like peer pressure.
Teens post on social media without knowing the risks they may face. It is important to protect teenagers as they navigate the online world. They also have a misunderstanding of lives they see on the internet and start to compare themselves to unrealistic lifestyles.
SPECIFIC POINTS TO ARUGE
I will argue that there are benefits and harm in social media. I want to point out that we should not just focus on the negative side of it because that can lead us down a rabbit hole, when in reality there is another side of social media that is good. It is good to be knowledgeable of those risks, but it is also important to embrace the positive side of social media.