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Volcanoes, Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and…
Volcanoes
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The history
One of the most famous flood basalts, however, are the Deccan Traps in India, which cover almost 200,000 square miles. They formed during an enormous eruption towards the end of the Cretaceous Period, leading paleontologists to believe that it may have played a role in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Our own human ancestors may have been reduced to an endangered species by a super volcano some 75,000 years ago. The eruption of Toba, in the Indonesian island of Sumatra, undoubtedly had profound effects on human migration patterns, with some estimates claiming that the total global human population may have been reduced to a paltry 2,000.
Living in the shadow of this ancient apocalypse, our distant ancestors would have suffered centuries of global cooling in the form of a short ice age. As a result, the human population became fragmented and isolated, ultimately leading to the extinction of the Neanderthals and Denisovans around 40,000 years ago.
The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora was one of the most powerful in recorded history, and one of only a very few to hit a volcanic explosivity index of seven Tambora may have claimed as many as 100,000 lives. (Starved to death)
The year following the Tambora eruption was forever known as the Year without a Summer or Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death. With the colossal amount of ash blocking out the sunlight, global temperatures dropped significantly, leading to one of the most severe winters in recorded history. This led to serious food shortages across Europe, North America and elsewhere in the world.
Effects on the climate
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Every few decades a volcanic eruption will throw out tremendous amounts of particles and other gasses, which protect us from the sun and lead to a short lived global cooling period
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The particles and gasses typically dissipate after about 1 to 2 years, but the effect is nearly global
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