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Manners of Articulation/Manners: How Air flows Through the Vocal Tract. -…
Manners of Articulation/Manners: How Air flows Through the Vocal Tract.
Stops (all airflow is blocked).
Oral Stop: Raised Velum and Oral Airflow.
Ejectives: Air ejected upwards via vocal fold raising.
Implosives: Air is sucked in.(lowering vocal folds).
Plosives: Air trapped behind stop closure until ex(plosive) burst.
Clicks: Air is sucked in (lowering tongue).
Nasal Stop: Lower Velum and both Oral and Nasal Airflow.
Fricatives: phone articulated through frication (close but not touching passive and active articulators, creates a noisy airflow).
Approximants: Active and Passive Articulators not touching (without causing frication).
Central Approximants: Unrestricted airflow through oral cavity middle.
Lateral Approximant: tongue touches upper articulator, air diverted along one/both tongue sides.
Afficates: Plosives with Fricated (fricative - like) release.
i.e. Ratchet = Affricate, "Rat Shit" = Plosive followed by a Fricative.
Taps/flaps: Short stops that do not immediately stop airflow.
i.e. "t" in "atom".
Trills: repeated taps, one after the other.
i.e. Scottish English trill in the first consonant, "r", in "run".
Classes of Consonants:
Obstruents: Significant Airflow Obstruction.
Fricatives.
Affricates.
Oral Stops.
Sonorants: Fairly unrestricted airflow.
Unrestricted Oral Flow:
Approximants.
Taps.
Trills.
Unrestricted Nasal Flow:
Nasal Stops.
Continuants: Continuous Air Flow
Fricatives.
Approximants.
Trills (somtimes considered continuants).