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Biology - Coggle Diagram
Biology
3.3 Animal and Plant responses
Animal Responses
Innate and learned Behaviours
Taxes
Kinesis
Homing
Migration
Biological rhythms
Biological Clocks
Circadian Rhythms
Circannual Rhythms
Phase shift and free running period
Plant Responses
Mechanisms of plant growth
Tropisms
Auxin and Phototropism
Gravitropism
Thigmotropism
Nastic Responses
Thigmonastic Responses
Nyctinasty
Photoperiodism
Orientation in Space
tropisms
Nastic responses
Taxes
Kineses
Homing
Migration
Orientation in time
Annual
Daily
Lunar
Tidal Rhythms
Interspecific Relationships
Competition for resources
Habitats and Tolerance
Gause's Principle
Stratification
Zonation
Allelopathy
Mutualism
Exploitation
Herbivory
Predation
Parasitism
Brood Parasites
Intraspecific Relationships
Competition for resources
Territoriality
Hierarchical Behaviour
Home range and Territories
Cooperative interactions
Reproductive behaviours
Mating systems
Courtship Behaviour
Parental care
3.6 Human Evolution
Human Biological evolution
Hominins
Hominin Evolution
Skeletal changes linked to bipedalism
Valgus angle (or femur) shifts knees under centre of gravity - improves balance when walking (eliminates swagger/side to side movement
Broad and shallow (cup shaped) pelvis supports internal organs - better attachment for large leg muscles
non-divergent toe allows 'thrust' in walking
compare to quadrupedal features (arm support weight, knuckle-walking; spine to taking full weight)
Changes in skull and endocranial features
Changes in manipulative ability of the hand
fine/precision grip
greater dexterity
finer motor control
opposable/dexterous thumb - thumb able to touch finger (tips) for precision grip
able to maipulate smaller objects
Homo
Habilis
Ergaster
Erectus
Heidelbergensis
Neanderthalensis
Sapiens
Australopithecus Afarensis
Australopithecus Adricanus
Ardipithecus ramidus
Human Cultural evolution
Use of tools
stone
wood
bone
Fire
Shelter
Caves
Temporary settlement
Permanent settlement
Clothing
Social behaviour
Abstract thought
Communication
Language
Art
Food gathering
Hunter-gatherer
Farmer (domestication of plants and animals)
Patterns of Dispersal
living and fossil species
Subgroup of hominids which includes both humans and the great apes
Models from the dispersal/origins of modern Homo Sapiens
Out of Africa model/African replacement
Multiregional hypothesis
3.5 Speciation
Scientific evidence for evolution
Fossil Evidence
Comparative anatomy
Homologous
Analogous Structures
Molecular Biology
Proteins
DNA analysis
Biogeography
Evolutionary Processes
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
Structural Barriers
Ecological
Geographical
Temporal
Behavioural
Polyploidy
Role of Mutation
Modes of Speciation
Sympatric
Allopatric
Patterns
Divergence
Convergence
Adaptive radiation
Co-evolution
Punctuated equilibrium
Gradualism
Gene Flow
Role of Natural Selection and Genetic Drift