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UV -Visible spectroscopy - Coggle Diagram
UV -Visible spectroscopy
UV - 200 -400
Visible - 400-800
Spectral shift
Batho chronic shift
Absorption maximum shifted towards longer wavelength
Hypochromic shift
Absorption maximum shifted towards shorter wavelength
Hyperchromic shift
Intensity of absorption maximum increases
Hypochromic shift
Intensity of absorption maximum decreases
Electronic transition
Sigma to : sigma*
Ex:- alkenes
Sigma to pi *
Ex:- carbonyl compound
pi to pi *
Ex:- alkenes , carbonyl compound
n to sigma*
Ex:- oxygen , halogen
n to pi *
Ex:_ carbonyl compound
Instrumentation
Light source
Tungsten filament lamp
Deuterium lamp
Wavelength sekector
Monochromator
Sample holder
Cuvette
Detector
Photo tubes cell
Photomultiplier tube
Photovoltaic cell
Charge couple detector
Linear diode array detector
Recording system
Power supply
Chromophore
Independent chromophore
Single chromophore impart cilour
Ex:- azo group
Dependent chromophore
More than one chromophore impart colour
Ex :- C=O group, C=C group
Auxochrome
Colour enhancing group
Ex:- -OH, -OR
Beer Lambert's law
A=abc
a= absorptivity
b= path length
c= concentration
A= Absorbance
Application
Detection of functional group
Extent of conjugation
Identification of an unknown compound
Identification of a compound in different solvents
Distinguishes between equatorial and axial conformation
Determination of strength of hydrogen bonding