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MAKER-CENTERED LEARNING, Encourages critical thinking by probing…

- - - - “A rising interest in sharing and learning from others while working with one’s hands within interdisciplinary environments that combine a variety of tools and technologies”.
  - - - Inclusive, embracing, welcoming to those who make
  - - - Feeling empowered to make choices about how to act in the world.
      - In maker-centered learning, agency involves action-based choices related to making.
    - - Stuff making: Finding opportunities to make things that are meaningful to oneself and taking ownership over the process of making.
      - Community making: Finding opportunities to make things that are meaningful to one’s community and taking ownership of that process of making, either independently or with others.
  - - - Self Making
        
        Building competence as a maker; building confidence in one’s maker abilities, and forming a maker identity
      - General Thinking Dispositions
        
        Supporting various patterns of thinking that are perceived as being beneficial across domains
        
        Tinkerer’s disposition
        
        Carpenter’s disposition
        
        Entrepreneur's disposition
        
        Muralisit’s disposition
        
        Hybrid disposition
  - - - Students are given hands on activities in science, math, and other disciplines to further develop their knowledge and skills in order to turn them into overall better people
  - - - Maker-Specific Tools/Technologies: What tools are, how they are used, and how they can “be used to the greatest effect.” (p. 38).
        
        Maker-Specific Processes/Practices: Ex. Prototyping, drafting, experimenting, etc.
- - - - Maker educators are adamant about encouraging students to take the role of teacher.
  - - - The Internet is a huge teaching resource that allows students to make choices about what paths to follow and make judgments about the validity of the info they’re reading.
    - - Some maker educators will present their students with tools and materials and have the students use their imagination and prior knowledge to figure out how to use them.
  - - - Emphasized learning by doing, an approach that has come to be known as hands-on or an experimental approach to learning.
      - Rejected traditional notions of education that treated knowledge as a static commodity.
      - “Give the pupils something to do, no something to learn”.
      - Two educational theories
      - Two educational theories
        
        1.Constructivism: learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information.
        
        Constructionism: building knowledge occurs best through building things that are tangible and shareable.
    - - Considered the father of constructionism
      - Argued that knowledge is constructed via the interactions between learners’ conceptual framework and their experiences in the world to which those frameworks are applied.
      - Piaget’s theories connect to maker-centered learning with a strong emphasis on tinkering and figuring things out, both involve starting with one’s own ideas and then shaping those ideas based on direct action.
    - - Peer learning
        
        Lev Vygotsky
        
        Known for promoting the idea that all learning is social.
        
        Zone of Proximal Development: particularly apt to the variety of peer learning that takes place in the maker-centered classroom.
        
        The benefits cited for peer learning usually include increased student self-esteem, teamwork, and perspective taking.
        
        Varieties of peer learning
        
        Cooperative learning: students exploring ideas together.
        
        Peer tutoring: students providing one another with direct instruction.
        
        Project-based learning: students work together to create something new.
        
        Peer critique: students learning from each other by providing one another with informative feedback.
- - - - Breaking down the definition
        
        A sensitivity to the designed dimension of objects and systems, points to the importance of simply noticing that many of the objects, ideas, and systems we encounter in the world-from desktops to democracy to driver education classes- are human-made design.
        
        Inclination has to do with motivation to do something. Capacity has to do with the skill or resources to actually do it.
        
        Triadic theory of disposition - mechanism of dispositional behavior -supported by empirical research.
        Researchers have shown that the contribution of these elements -ability, inclination, and sensitivity- can indeed be individually distinguished in young people’s intellectual behavior, and that a shortfall in any of the three elements can block cognitive performance.
  - - - Anna starting this initiative is one big agentic action that is composed of lots of smaller choices, such as fundraising, making phone calls, persuading people, and so much more.
- - - - false info
        
        communication barrier
        
        miscommunication
  - - - As this is not the same for a computer
  - - - Sometimes a design is created by one person and intended for one purpose. Other times, a design is created by many people whose purposes are emergent
  - - - Students feel they have the right to tinker with design dimensions of the world.
- - - - Finding opportunity builds on:
      - How things work
      - Why they work the way they do
      - How they could be made to work otherwise
  - - - 4 Thinking Routines
      - Parts,Purposes, and Complexities
      - Parts, People, Interactions
      - Think, Feel, Care
      - Imagine if…