RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
DEFINITION
Inflammation disorder affecting joints.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Fatigue
Weight loss
Stiffness
Joint tenderness
Joint redness
Joint pain
Slight fever
Weakness
Swelling of joints
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Rheumatoid factor test
Anticitrullinated peptide antibody test(Anti-CCP).
Antinuclear antibody test
Erythrocyte antibody test
C-reactive protein test
X-ray of involved joints
Direct arthroscopy
MANAGEMENT
Analgesics
Acetaminophen
Corticosteroids
Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs)
DIET
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Food containing flavonoids like broccoli
Food high in omega -3 fatty acids i.e walnuts
Attack of lining of the joints capsule,
by the body's immune system,
results in inflammation and swelling of this lining .
Autoimmune reaction takes place in synovial tissue,
Enzymes are produced by phagocytosis,
Enzymes breakdown collagen leading to edema,
Proliferation of synovial membrane and pannus formation.
Cartilage and erodes are destroyed by pannus.
Results in loss of articular surfaces and joint mobility.
Muscle fibres changes,tendon and ligament elasticity,
contractility power or level are lost.
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Acute and chronic pain
Fatigue
Impaired physical mobility
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Comfort level will be improved
Mobility function will be achieved
Patient will be pain free
EVALUATION
Comfort level is improved
Mobility function is maintained
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Administer anti-inflammatory analgesic and antirheumatic medication.
Identify factors contributing to fatigue
Encourage mobility independently and help if needed.
Assess for need of physical and occupational therapy consultation.
Promote development of certain activities and rest schedule
Give some comfort measures and relaxation techniques