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Confusional Disorder : Delirium - Coggle Diagram
Confusional Disorder : Delirium
Pathophysiology
Within hours or few days.
Can be traced to one or more contributory factors.
The start of delirium is usually rapid.
Such as a severe or chronic illness.
And reduced awareness of the environment
Changes in metabolic balance, medication, infection, surgery, or alcohol.
Delirium is a serious disturbances in mental ability that result in confused thinking
Signs and symptoms
Poor thinking skills.
Rambling.
Emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression and irritability.
Poor memory disorientation.
Hallucinations, disturbed sleep habits.
Easily distracted by unimportant things, bening withdraw.
Definition
An acute confusional state
It commences with disorientation
May progress to altered level of consciousness, coma and death.
Nursing Interventions
Do mental status examination regularly.
Promote good sleep habits.
Target risk factors that might trigger the episode.
Talk to the health care user to remain calm .
Must reduce noise in wards.
Help prevent medical problems or other complications.
Causes
Metabolic imbalances, such as low sodium or calcium.
Severe, chronic or terminal illness.
Worsening lung or liver disease or an injury from a fall.
Fever and acute infection, particularly in children.
Medical condition such as stroke, heart attack,
Urinary tract infection, pneumonia or the flu especially in older adults.
Alcohol or drug intoxication or withdrawal.
Exposure to a toxin, such as carbon monoxide.
Certain medications or drug toxicity.
Types
Hypoactive delirium - inability or reduced motor activity, drowsiness.
Mixed- both hyperactive and hypoactive delirium.
Hyperactive delirium - restlessness, agitation, rapid mood changes.
Risk factors
Previous delirium episodes.
Visual or hearing impairment.
Brain disorders such as dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease.
The presence of multiple medical problems.