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STRESS - Coggle Diagram
STRESS
sources of stress (eustress and distress) including daily pressures, life events, acculturative stress, major stress, and catastrophes that disrupt whole communities
Sources of Stress
Eustress: Is a positive psychological response to stress (i.e. stress that is perceived in a positive way), for example feeling motivated, enthusiastic or alert
Distress: Is a negative psychological response to a stressor such as feeling anxious, angry or irritable which diminishes our performance
Dailey Pressure: Are events or situations that a person may encounter in their regular day-to-day activities (mainly produces distress)
Life event: Refers to significant, but relatively rare events that require a number of adjustments in behaviour within a short period of time. May include things that happen to us or may be caused by decisions we make (can result in both eustress or distress
Acculturative stress: Can be experienced by an individual when they are trying to adopt to norms, values, customs, and language preferences of a new culture when living in it for a considerable amount of time
Major stress: An event that is highly stressful for almost everyone who experiences it. The vent does not have to be directly experienced. Often referred to as 'psychologically traumatic' as there is usually a threat to life or to someone's physical and/or psychological wellbeing
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Catastrophes: These are an unpredictable and intense event that causes widespread damage or suffering. Usually occurs suddenly, is out of anyone's control and causes a large amount of people to stress simultaneously
context-specific effectiveness, coping flexibility, and use of particular strategies (exercise and approach and avoidance strategies) for coping with stress
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coping flexibility
refers to a person's ability to modify or change a coping strategy to meet the demands of a particular situation
- Recognise when a strategy isn't working
- Modify/stop using the strategy
- Select a strategy more appropriate for the situation
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Exercise
- PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS:
- strenuous exercise can cause the release of endorphins which relieve pain and promote a sense of relaxation and wellbeing
- exercising decreases the level of stress hormones in the body by 'using them up' and diverting energy away from their production
- relieves muscle tension that can build due to sympathetic NS activity
- increases efficiency of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, thus increasing our ability to deal with future stressors
- acts as a distraction, and if exercising with others, social support
models of stress as a biological process, with reference to Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome of alarm reaction (shock/counter shock), resistance and exhaustion, including the ‘fight-flight-freeze’ response, and the role of cortisol
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Fight-Flight-Freeze Response - automatic physiological response that occurs immediately when exposed to a stressor
Fight-Flight - sympathetic nervous system activated, many physiological changes (increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, pupils dilate, decreased digestion)
Freeze - parasympathetic nervous system activated, decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, body is prepared to flee if opportunity arises (sympathetic nervous system remains activated)
Role of Cortisol - stress hormone that energises body
used for prolonged periods of arousal - as it is slower to take effect and lasts for longer compared to fight-flight-freeze response
Short Term Effects - suppress immune system to reduce inflammation, signals liver to release glucose to increase energy --> short term effects are usually more positive
Long-Term Effects - suppression of immune system makes person more vulnerable to diseases
impaired cognitive functioning, memory and mental disorders --> long term effects are usually more negative
models of stress as psychological process, with reference to Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (stages of primary and secondary appraisal)
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